摘 要：分析低压开口式电流互感器的原理，结合工程实例分析开口电流互感器在低压配电系统中，主要是改造项目中的应用及施工细节，为用户快速实现智能配电提供解决方案，该方案具有成本低、投资少、安装接线简便等优点，有利于低压智能配电的进一步推广和应用。
Abstract: this paper analyzes the principle of low voltage split core current transformer, analyzes the application and construction details of split core current transformer in low voltage distribution system with engineering examples, and provides a solution for users to realize intelligent distribution quickly. The scheme has the advantages of low cost, low investment and simple installation and wiring, which is beneficial to the further popularization and application of low voltage intelligent distribution.
关键词：开口式电流互感器；低压配电系统；改造项目；工作原理；应用；施工细节
Keywords: Split core current transformer; Low Voltage Distribution System; Renovation Project; Principle; Application; Construction Details

1. 引言 Introduction

目前市场大部分低压电流互感器主要用于新项目的建设，由于经济的飞速发展，企业对节能减排意识逐渐提高，许多企业的电气特点是：
At present, most of the low voltage current transformers in the market are mainly used in the construction of new projects. Due to the rapid development of economy, the awareness of energy saving and emission reduction is gradually improved. The electrical characteristics of many enterprises are:
1)电气柜运行的时间长；
2)大部分电流互感器只是对系统电流进行测量，也没有相应的计量装置和保护装置，计量装置只有一块供电局的总表，而对所有车间电能无法进行考核，系统线路保护装置根本没有；
3)大部分线路干线为大规格铜排，拆卸需要大量的人力和时间，安装常规电流互感器不方便；
4)企业生产时间比较紧迫，不能长时间停电。
所以如需对上述电气进行改造，采用开口式电流互感器可以为用户节约大量的投资。
1）Long running time of electric gas cabinet;
2）Most of the current transformers only measure the current of the system, and there is no corresponding metering device and protection device. The measuring device has only one master table of the power supply bureau, but the electric energy of all workshops can not be assessed, and the system line protection device is not available at all,;
3）Most of the main lines are large size copper bar, it takes a lot of manpower and time to disassemble, it is not convenient to install conventional current transformer;
4）Enterprise production time is more urgent, can not long time blackout.
Therefore, the use of split core current transformer can save a lot of investment for users.
2.产品设计Product design
1）结构特点 Structural characteristics
我司开口互感器型号齐全，有线缆专用的圆孔互感器，有适用于铜排的方孔互感器，本产品外壳材料采用PC/ABS合金，具有耐高温、机械强度高、环保等特点；铁芯采用有取向冷扎硅钢片，具有性能稳定，机械强度高，导磁率极高等特点；具体结构如图1所示。
Our company has a complete range of split core current transformer models, including round hole transformers for cables, and square hole transformers for copper bars., this product shell material is PC/ABS alloy, with high temperature resistance, high mechanical strength, environmental protection and other characteristics; The core adopts oriented cold bonded silicon steel sheet with stable performance, high mechanical strength and high magnetic conductivity.
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https://preview.redd.it/za37feyxdj4b1.png?width=554&format=png&auto=webp&s=9a3996036690916334f88a4f5a225cafdb567fdd
图1（方孔型，适用于铜排） Figure.1
骨架线圈，2-透明翻盖，3-安装螺母，4-接线端子，5-铁芯，6-弹簧，7-外壳，8-安装螺钉。
1-Skeleton coil ,2-transparent flip ,3-mount nut ,4-wiring terminal ,5-core ,6-spring ,7-shell ,8-mount screw.
2）开口电流互感器工作原理Working principle of open current transformer
开口低压电流互感器的工作原理如图1所示，开口电流互感器的一次绕组串联在被测线路中，I1为线路电流即电流互感器的一次电流，N1为电流互感器的一次匝数，I2电流互感器二次电流（通常为5A、1A），N2为电流互感器的二次匝数，Z2e为二次回路设备及连接导线阻抗。当一次电流从电流互感器P1端流进，P2端出，在二次Z2e接通的情况下，由电磁感应原理，电流互感器二次绕组有电流I2从S1流过，经Z2e至S2，形成闭合回路。由此可得电流在理想状态下I1×N1=I2×N2，所以有I1/I2=N1/N2=K，K为电流互感器的变比。但是由于开口式电流互感器的铁芯切开后，使铁芯的性能下将的比较厉害，所以必须将互感器的铁芯截面积加大，而且提高安匝数，将I1×N1=I2×N2≥100AN。
The working principle of the low voltage split core current transformer is shown in figure 1, The primary winding of the split core current transformer is connected in series in the line under test, I1 is the primary current of the current transformer, N1 is the primary turn of the current transformer, I2 current transformer secondary current (usually 5 A、1A), N2 is the secondary turns of the current transformer, Z2e for secondary circuit equipment and connection wire impedance. As the primary current flows through the P1 end of the current transformer, P2 out, If the secondary Z2e is connected, Based on electromagnetic induction, The secondary winding of the current transformer has current I2 flowing through the S1, Z2e to S2, Form a closed loop. Hence the I1×N1=I2×N2, of current in ideal state And so there's I1/I2=N1/N2=K, K is the ratio of current transformer. But since the core of the open current transformer is cut, Make the core performance will be more powerful, So the cross section of the transformer core must be increased, And increase the number of turns, I1×N1=I2×N2≥100 AN.
https://preview.redd.it/9720q4fzdj4b1.png?width=554&format=png&auto=webp&s=ab40d65d80aca85338c2ea50eeaa4135b9330b9d
图2 Figure.2
注：图2中1-开口电流互感器的上体，2-开口电流互感器的下体，3-安装螺丝、螺母。
Note: Figure 2- Upper body of the 1- Open current transformer ,2- Lower body of the 2- Open current transformer ,3- Install screws, nuts
3）产品安装Product installation
如图2所示，将互感器的安装螺丝、螺母打开，卸下互感器的下体，将互感器的上体装入配电系统的一次母排，合上互感器的下体，将互感器的安装螺丝穿过互感器上、下体的固定孔，拧上螺母，将互感器的上、下体固定在一起，然后将互感器通过互感器两侧的安装固定孔将互感器固定在母排上，完成互感器的安装。然后将互感器的二次接到测量装置。整个过程比较快速简单。
As shown in figure 2, the installation screws and nuts of the transformer are opened, the lower body of the transformer is unloaded, the upper body of the transformer is loaded into the primary bus row of the distribution system, the lower body of the transformer is closed, the installation screw of the transformer passes through the fixed hole of the upper and lower body of the transformer, the nut is screwed, the upper and lower body of the transformer is fixed together, and then the transformer is fixed on the bus row through the installation fixing hole on both sides of the transformer to complete the installation of the transformer. Then connect the secondary of the transformer to the measuring device. The whole process is relatively fast and simple.
3.应用 Applications
开口电流互感器主要应用在低压配电改造项目中，开口式电流互感器同常规闭口互感器一样输出为标准的5A或1A，测量精度高，容量大，可与测量仪器、仪表配套使用，部分产品过载能力强可与装置配套使用。
Split core current transformer is mainly used in the low voltage distribution transformation project. Split core current transformer is output as standard 5 A or 1 A, as the conventional closed current transformer. The measuring precision is high and the capacity is large.
越南美的工厂为例如图3所示，每条线均需测量三相电流,将采集的电流信号供给电能表DTSD1352，组网之后数据传输到美的工业云系统。A相、B相、C相的可以选择我们的圆孔型开口互感器，每相额定电流为400A,采用AKH-0.66/K K-∮36 400/5开口电流互感器采集电流信号。现场无需拆线或者铜排。
For example, as shown in figure 3, each line needs to measure three-phase current, supply the collected current signal to the watt-hour meter DTSD1352, transmit the data to the industrial cloud system of the United States after networking. A phase, B phase, C phase can choose our round hole type open transformer, each phase rated current is 400 A, adopt AKH-0.66/K K-∮36 The 400/5 split core current transformer collects current signals.There is no need to remove wires or copper bars on site.
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https://preview.redd.it/f760n2rdij4b1.png?width=588&format=png&auto=webp&s=93dfff1536f6b5044d31870e611f9d4758fe04b2
图3 Figure.3
4.结束语Summary
开口式电流互感器已经成熟的在多个国家工矿企业工程配电监控系统中得到应用，降低了投资成本，提供工作效率及减轻工作难度。
Split core current transformer has been used in the engineering distribution monitoring system of industrial and mining enterprises in many countries, which reduces the investment cost, provides the working efficiency and reduces the working difficulty.
参考文献 Bibliography
1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02

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摘要：根据生物制品类企业的电力能源使用特点，制定了符合公司实际情况的能源管理系统，介绍了该系统的架构及其在企业的应用情况，提升了公司能源数据的实时监控能力，优化了公司能源分配，降低了公司电力能源消耗，有针对性地解决了公司生产活动中的能源损耗问题。
Abstract: according to the electric energy use characteristics of biological products companies, has established accord with the actual situation of the company energy management system, this paper introduces the architecture of the system and its application in enterprises, improve the company's energy data real-time monitoring ability, optimizing the allocation of the company's energy, electric energy consumption, reduce the company targeted to solve the problem of the energy loss in the company's production activities.
关键词：能源管理；数据分析；电能计量；节能减排
Key words: Energy management;Data analysis;Electric energy metering;Energy conservation and emissions reduction
0 引言Introduction
能源是推动人类经济发展的重要物质资料。生物类企业对能源进行科学有效的测量和监控对于其生产的制品质量起关键性作用。生物制药企业在生产制品时要求设备不间断工作，而持续不断地提供能源是实现该条件的基本要求。企业根据生产经营特点，加强能源监管，制定合理的能源管理体系，既可以提升生产效率，又可以降低生产成本，使企业在市场上具备更强的竞争力。
Energy is an important material material to promote the development of human economy. Scientific and effective measurement and monitoring of energy resources plays a key role in the quality of products produced by biological enterprises. Biopharmaceutical companies require equipment to work continuously when producing products, and continuous energy supply is the basic requirement to achieve this condition.According to the characteristics of production and operation, enterprises should strengthen energy supervision and formulate a reasonable energy management system, which can not only improve production efficiency, but also reduce production costs, so that enterprises can have stronger competitiveness in the market.
1 企业电力能源消耗简介
Brief introduction of enterprise electric energy consumption
生物医药产业是一个技术含量高、投资高、收入高、风险高的高科技产业。其高科技不仅体现在产品质量的高标准和严格要求上，还体现在对生产设备和生产环境的高要求上。较长的研发周期，高昂的前期成本使其投入大量资金建造符合GMP要求和生物产品标准的清洁工厂和其他公共能源系统设施。
根据我公司年度主要能源消耗统计，总能耗约为两万吨标准煤。根据调查、分析，能源系统全年带负荷运行，能源消耗量随季节、时间出现周期性变化，夏季、冬季电能消耗大，春季、秋季电能消耗量较小；白天能源消耗大，夜晚能源消耗较小，能源运行存在不平衡的特点。
Biomedicine industry is a high-tech industry with high technology content, high investment, high income and high risk. Its high technology is not only reflected in the high standards and strict requirements of product quality, but also reflected in the high requirements of production equipment and production environment. Long r&d cycles and high upfront costs have led to large investments in clean plants and other public energy system facilities that meet GMP requirements and biological product standards.
According to our company's annual main energy consumption statistics, the total energy consumption is about 20,000 tons of standard coal.According to the investigation and analysis, the energy system operates with load all year round, and the energy consumption changes periodically with season and time. In summer and winter, the energy consumption is large, while in spring and autumn, the energy consumption is small.The energy consumption is large in the day and small at night, and the energy operation is unbalanced.
2 电力能源管理系统架构
Architecture of the Electric Energy Management System
能源管理系统是以能源计量、数据传输及分析为一体的实时性管理系统。它依托有线网络通信，实现企业动力系统实时监控、能耗综合统计分析、成本分摊、对高耗能负载设备进行特性分析，实现能源的优化分配，更好地实现节能减排。
企业能源管理系统由在线监测数据采集系统、能源数据传输系统、能源运行监管系统、能效分析管理系统等构成。
Energy management system is a real-time management system integrating energy measurement, data transmission and analysis.Relying on wired network communication, it can realize real-time monitoring of enterprise power system, comprehensive statistical analysis of energy consumption, cost allocation, and analysis of advanced characteristics of energy-consuming load equipment, so as to realize optimal allocation of energy and achieve better energy conservation and emission reduction.
The enterprise energy management system consists of online monitoring data acquisition system, energy data transmission system, energy operation supervision system, energy efficiency analysis and management system, etc.
2.1 电力能源管理系统功能Power energy management system functions
能源管理系统主要由能源监管、监控和能源信息平台组成。其中能源管理平台由服务器、数据库、智能数据采集器和前置机等设备组成。能源监测系统是对能耗数据进行采集、统计、分析的处理平台。能源信息平台是指由末端能耗仪表组成的采集层网络平台。
The energy management system is mainly composed of energy supervision, monitoring and energy information platform. The energy management platform consists of server, database, intelligent data collector and front-end machine.Energy monitoring system is a processing platform for collecting, counting and analyzing energy consumption data.Energy information platform is a collection layer network platform composed of terminal energy consumption meters.
2.2 电力能源采集方式Electric energy collection method
随着我公司一、二、三级能源计量设备的逐步完善，对能源数据的实效性和准确性有了更高的要求，人工抄表方式已不能满足上述要求。为了实现数据实时化、准确化管理，就要采用技术先进、精度高、可靠性好的智能采集设备代替传统人工作业。
我公司供电性质为负荷企业，中心配电室为双回路供电。车间采用电子式电能计量表对电能进行计量，能够提供高精度的三相电压、电流和功率等基本测量数据，具有复费率计算、需量计算、谐波计算等多种功能；采用便于功能扩展的模块化设计和易于读取数据的大屏幕显示。车间根据装配电能表的数量，通过选择16端口、8端口、4端口智能数据采集器来满足需求。采集器作为计量设备与控制主机之间的桥梁，其规约转换功能能够代替前置机选择不同的采集规约，实时采集各种智能设备的数据信息，实现信息的汇总及处理。
With the gradual improvement of the first, second and third level energy metering equipment of our company, there are higher requirements on the effectiveness and accuracy of energy source data, and the manual meter reading method can no longer meet the above requirements.In order to realize real-time and accurate data management, it is necessary to replace traditional manual operation with intelligent acquisition equipment with advanced technology, high precision and good reliability.
The power supply nature of our company is the load enterprise, the central distribution room is the double circuit power supply.The workshop adopts electronic power meter to measure the electric energy, which can provide the basic measurement data of three-phase voltage, current and power with high precision, and has multiple functions such as compound rate calculation, demand calculation, harmonic calculation and so on.Modular design for easy function expansion and large screen display for easy data reading.According to the number of electricity meters assembled, the workshop chooses intelligent data collector with port 16, port 8 and port 4 to meet the requirements.As a bridge between metering equipment and control host, the collector's protocol conversion function can replace the preprocessor to select different acquisition protocols, collect real-time data of various intelligent equipment, and realize information summary and processing.
2.3 网络通信功能Network communication function
能源监控系统采用总线、RS485通信线、以太网线、光纤等多种通信方式。该系统可兼容其他通信设备，通过监控大屏实时显示能源系统的运行状态和在线运行参数。根据与项目相关的能源监控需求，每个能源子系统图可以根据需求或实际运行条件进行修改和配置，系统将根据修改后的条件实时反映运行参数。
The energy monitoring system adopts bus, RS485 communication line, ethernet line, optical fiber and other communication modes. The system is compatible with other communication devices, and displays the running status and online running parameters of the energy system by monitoring the large screen.According to the energy monitoring requirements related to the project, each energy subsystem diagram can be modified and configured according to the requirements or actual operating conditions, and the system will reflect the operation parameters in real time according to the modified conditions.
3 电力能源管理系统应用Application of electric energy management system
电力能源管理系统向公司局域网发布能源数据，具体指标包括实时监控、统计报告、分析比较、事故报警、目标管理、节能评估等。管理者和技术人员可以在相应权限下读取相关数据。该平台可以充分体现各种功能，界面清晰明了，易于理解，通俗易懂。
The power energy management system releases energy data to the company's LOCAL area network. Specific indicators include real-time monitoring, statistical reporting, analysis and comparison, accident alarm, target management, energy conservation assessment, etc.Managers and technicians can read the relevant data under the appropriate authority.The platform can fully reflect a variety of functions, interface clear, easy to understand, easy to understand.
3.1 能源管理系统功能Energy management system functions
3.1.1 电能数据采集 Power data acquisition
（1）能耗数据采集方式有智能设备采集和人工抄表两种方式。采集器可独立保存15～30天的历史数据，防止网络中断恢复后的数据补录。
（2）自动采集的智能仪表数据支持RS485、M-BUS或以太网标准接口和标准MODBUS、DLT-645、CJT-188等通信协议，针对采用非标准规约的仪表支持通信接口程序的开发，确保数据的正常采集。
（3）数据自动采集间隔不超过1 min，数据存储间隔可根据实际需求进行灵活设置，存储间隔支持5 min。
（4）主要采集参数包括三相电压、三相电流、有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、电度等。
(1) There are two ways of energy consumption data collection: intelligent equipment collection and manual meter reading.The collector can save the historical data of 15 ~ 30 days independently to prevent the replacement of data after network interruption and recovery.
(2) Automatic collection of intelligent instrument data support RS485, M-BUS or Ethernet standard interface and standard MODBUS, DLT-645, CJT-188 and other communication protocols, for the use of non-standard protocol instrument support communication interface program development, to ensure the normal data collection.
(3) The interval of automatic data collection is no more than 1 min. The data storage interval can be flexibly set according to actual requirements. The storage interval supports 5 min.
(4) Main acquisition parameters include three-phase voltage, three-phase current, active power, reactive power, power factor, electric degree, etc.
3.1.2 电能数据报表Power data report
（1）系统提供分类、分项、分区域等固定格式的能耗统计日、周、月、季、年报表。
（2）系统支持创建新的符合管理人员实际管理需求的能耗统计报表。
（3）所有报表支持手动生成和定期自动生成及邮件分发。
（4）所有系统报表均可支持办公自动化软件（Excel）。
(1) The system provides daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports of energy consumption statistics in fixed formats such as classification, itemization and subdivision.
(2) The system supports the creation of new energy consumption statistics that meet the actual management needs of managers.
(3) All reports support manual generation and regular automatic generation and mail distribution.
(4) All system reports can support office automation software(Excel).
3.1.3 设备信息管理Equipment information management
（1）计量仪表信息管理。可灵活定义各采集点计量器具的用能属性、归属关系，系统按照仪表属性自动完成对应能耗数据统计；计量仪表在线状态可视化监视，并实现仪表故障报警；进行仪表数据的完整性统计，当存在数据缺失时，能进行数据有效性评估，并提醒运行人员进行检查和维护；支持仪表内部参数的远程查询与设置，参数包括仪表地址、通信速率、接线模式、CT变比、PT变比等。
（2）用能设备信息管理。系统可以按照设备用能属性，实现设备的分类管理；可以监控用能设备的运行状态及关键参数，建立设备资产管理和维护管理文件；对设备的历史维护记录和维护计划进行在线管理，使得生产过程安全、稳定。
(1) Metering instrument information management.It can flexibly define the energy use attribute and ownership relationship of measuring instruments at each collection point, and the system can automatically complete the corresponding energy consumption data statistics according to the instrument attributes.Visual monitoring of on-line status of metering instruments, and the realization of instrument fault alarm;Conduct integrity statistics of instrument data, evaluate the validity of data in case of missing data, and remind operators to check and maintain;Supports remote query and setting of internal parameters of the instrument, including instrument address, communication rate, wiring mode, CT variable ratio, PT variable ratio, etc.
(2) Energy equipment information management.The system can realize the classified management of equipment according to the attribute of equipment energy use.Can monitor the running state and key parameters of energy-using equipment, establish equipment asset management and maintenance management files;Manage the historical maintenance record and maintenance plan of the equipment online to make the production process safe and stable.
3.1.4 系统安全管理System safety management
（1）用户管理。系统可以根据需要创建、删除用户，允许管理员负责管理组内用户。
（2）权限管理。系统登陆需通过用户密码和权限验证，并对所有操作事件进行记录。支持分级授权机制，不同管理权限人员可根据系统设定进行分级访问。
（3）日志管理。系统记录/查询用户的各项操作、报警信息等，记录/查询自身运行过程中的错误、诊断日志信息。
(1) User management.The system can create and delete users as needed, allowing administrators to be responsible for managing users within a group.
(2) Authority management.The system login needs to be verified by user password and permission, and all operational events are recorded. It supports hierarchical authorization mechanism, and personnel with different administrative authority can access hierarchically according to system Settings.
(3) Log management.The system records/queries the user's various operations, alarm information, etc., and records/queries the error and diagnostic log information in its own operation process.
3.2 能源消耗分析与管理Energy consumption analysis and management
根据生物制药企业药品生产质量管理规范，对企业生产所需能源进行能源管理。依据能源平台分析得出的数据对企业生产过程中的能源进行成本分摊，促进各生产车间改进生产工艺和促进高耗能设备设施的更新换代，实现各部门和生产车间能源消耗的标杆管理，科学准确地定义和分析各部门团队的能源消耗成本，方便财务数据核算，将能源成本分摊到各部门，分析各部门的能源消耗情况，分析能源消耗成本影响，维护基础数据等。
According to the drug production quality management standard of bio-pharmaceutical enterprises, the energy needed for production shall be managed.Energy platform based on analysis of the data of the energy in the process of enterprise production cost allocation, promotes each production workshop to improve production technology and promote the upgrading of energy-consuming equipment, realize the departments of energy consumption and production workshop benchmarking, scientific and accurate definition and analysis of the energy consumption cost of each department team, convenient financial data calculation, the energy cost allocation to each department, analysis of energy consumption departments, analyze the effect of energy consumption cost based data maintenance, etc.
4 安科瑞工业能耗管理平台介绍Introduction of Acrel industrial energy consumption management platform
4.1 平台架构介绍Platform Architecture Introduction
安科瑞能源管控系统采用分层分布式网络结构，具有良好的可靠性与实时性，主要由现场设备层（能源计量终端）、通讯管理层（通讯管理终端）和主站层（能源监控平台）三个部分组成。
以上三个部分分别贯穿整个系统的全部结构。能源管理系统总体设计结构按照能源管理的基本结构设计，满足以上三部分的同时，增加了部分分析、监控、决策和发布平台。
Acrel energy management and control system adopts the layered and distributed network structure, which has good reliability and real-time performance. It is mainly composed of three parts: the field equipment layer (energy metering terminal), the communication management layer (communication management terminal) and the main station layer (energy monitoring platform).
The above three parts run through the whole structure of the system respectively.The overall design structure of the energy management system is designed according to the basic structure of energy management. While meeting the above three parts, part of the analysis, monitoring, decision-making and release platform is added.
https://preview.redd.it/49qzg5li1j4b1.png?width=584&format=png&auto=webp&s=7463c0a24747c7930bb88fd421c638f898869a92
图4 工业能耗管理平台架构组成
https://preview.redd.it/u576hxrk1j4b1.png?width=557&format=png&auto=webp&s=4d475d65f381a8e0854953051f1ecbed4929e1fa
FIG. 4 Architecture composition of industrial energy consumption management platform
4.2 平台功能介绍 Platform function introduction
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图5 工业能耗管理功能示意图
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https://preview.redd.it/auausckw1j4b1.png?width=648&format=png&auto=webp&s=98dc6a0717c80b35cb3915a5714287bb28b78104
FIG. 5 Function diagram of industrial energy consumption management
4.2.1可视化展示 Visual presentation
展示企业各类能耗总量、折标值、能源成本、能源消耗趋势、分项能耗占比、区域能源消耗对比,以及当前天气情况、污染情况，并三维展示企业重要工艺或工段的能源消耗动态。
Display the total amount of energy consumption, discount value, energy cost, energy consumption trend, proportion of energy consumption by item, regional energy consumption comparison, as well as current weather conditions and pollution situation, and display the energy consumption dynamics of important processes or sections of the enterprise in three dimensions.
4.2.2实时监控 Real-time monitoring
对企业各点位的能源使用、报警等情况进行实时的监控。以便企业用户能够实时的监测各个点位的运作情况，同时能更快速的掌握点位的报警。
Real-time monitoring of energy use and alarm at each point of the enterprise.In this way, enterprise users can monitor the operation of each point in real time and grasp the alarm of the point more quickly.
4.2.3用能统计 Energy consumption statistical
从能源使用种类、监测区域、生产工艺/工段时间、分项等维度，采用曲线、饼图、直方图、累积图、数字表等方式对企业用能统计、同比、环比分析、折标对比，找出能源使用过程中的漏洞和不合理地方，从而调整能源 分配策略，减少能源使用过程中的浪费。
From the types of energy use, monitoring area, production process/section time, disciplines such as dimension, use curve, pie charts, histograms, cumulative figure, digital table can use statistics, year-on-year, from analysis of the enterprise, the contrast, find out loopholes in the process of using energy and unreasonable place, so as to adjust the energy allocation strategy, reduce energy waste in the process of use.
4.2.4单耗统计Single consumption statistics
与企业MES系统对接，通过产品产量以及系统采集的能耗数据，在产品单耗中生成产品单耗趋势图，并进行同比和环比分析。以便企业能够根据产品单耗情况来调整生产工艺，从而降低能耗。
Docking with enterprise MES system, through product output and energy consumption data collected by the system, the trend chart of product consumption per unit was generated in the product consumption, and the year-on-year and sequential analysis was carried out.So that the enterprise can adjust the production process according to the product consumption, thus reducing energy consumption.
4.2.5绩效分析Performance Analysis
对各类能源使用、消耗、转换，按班组、区域、产线、工段等进行日、周、月、年、指定时段，结合能源计划或定额制定的绩效指标进行KPI比较考核，帮助企业了解内部能效水平和节能潜力。
The use, consumption and conversion of various types of energy are compared and assessed by KPI according to the performance indicators formulated by energy plan or quota, including day, week, month, year and designated period according to shift group, region, production line and section, so as to help enterprises understand the internal energy efficiency level and energy saving potential.
4.2.6能耗预测Energy consumption prediction
通过对企业生产工艺、生产设备等的能耗使用情况进行分析，建立能耗计算模型，根据人工智能算法对数据和模型进行修正，对未来企业能耗趋势进行预测分析，为节能提供有效的决策依据。
By analyzing the energy consumption of the production process and production equipment of the enterprise, the calculation model of energy consumption is established, the data and model are modified according to the artificial intelligence algorithm, and the future trend of energy consumption of the enterprise is predicted and analyzed, so as to provide an effective decision basis for energy conservation.
4.2.7运行监测Operation monitoring
系统对区域、工段、设备能源消耗进行数据采集，监测设备及工艺运行状态，如温度、湿度、流量、压力、速度等，并支持变配电系统一次运行监视。可直接从动态监测平面图快速浏览到所管理的能耗数据，支持按能源种类、车间、工段、时间等维度查询相关能源用量。
The system collects data on the energy consumption of the region, section and equipment, monitors the operation status of the equipment and process, such as temperature, humidity, flow, pressure, speed, etc., and supports the one-time operation monitoring of the transformer and distribution system.It can browse the managed energy consumption data directly from the dynamic monitoring plan, and can query the relevant energy consumption by energy type, workshop, section, time and other dimensions.
4.2.8分析报告Analysis report
以年、月、日对企业的能源利用情况、线路损耗情况、设备运行情况、运维情况等进行统计分析，让用户了解系统的运行情况，并为用户提供数据基础，方便用户发现设备异常，从而找出改善点，以及针对用能情况挖掘节能潜力。
Year, month, day of enterprise energy utilization, line loss situation, the equipment running status, operational conditions, such as statistical analysis, let users understand the operation of system, and provide data for the user base, and easy to find equipment is unusual, to find out the improvement points, and can use of mining and energy saving potential.
4.2.9移动端支持Mobile terminal support
APP支持Android、IOS操作系统，方便用户按能源分类、区域、车间、工序、班组、设备等不同维度掌握企业能源消耗、效率分析、同环比分析、能耗折标、用能预测、运行监视、异常报警等。
The APP supports Android and IOS operating systems, making it easy for users to grasp the enterprise's energy consumption, efficiency analysis, quarter-on-quarter analysis, energy consumption folding, energy use prediction, operation monitoring, abnormal alarm, etc. according to different dimensions such as energy classification, region, workshop, process, team, equipment, etc.
4.3工业能耗平台设备选型Equipment selection for industrial energy consumption platform
Application 应用场合
Model 型号
Function 功能
照明箱
Lighting box
ADL3000-E
三相电参量U,I,P,Q,S,PF,F测量，分项正向有功电能统计，总正反向有功无功电能统计，红外通讯，电流规格，经互感器接入3*1（6）A，直接接入3*10（80）A,有功电能精度0.5S级，无功电能精度2级
Measurement of three-phase electrical parameters U,I,P,Q,S,PF,F, sub-item positive and reactive power statistics, total positive and negative active and reactive power statistics, infrared communication, current specifications, access through the transformer 3*1 (6) A, direct access to 3*10 (80) A, active power accuracy class 0.5s, reactive power accuracy class 2
AEW100
三相电参量U,I,P,Q,S,PF,F测量，总正反向有功，无功电能计量，2-31次总谐波含量分析，分项谐波及基波电参量（电压，电流，功率）测量，支持付费率，历史电能记录，支持RS485通讯,470Mhz无线通讯，红外通讯，有功电能精度0.5s级，无功电能精度2级
Three-phase electrical parameters U,I,P,Q,S,PF,F measurement, total positive and negative active power, reactive power measurement, 2-31 total harmonic content analysis, sub-harmonic and fundamental wave electrical parameters(voltage, current, power) measurement, support payment rate, historical power records, support RS485 communication, 470MHz wireless communication, infrared communication, active power accuracy class 0.5S, reactive poweraccuracy class 2.
动力柜
Power cabinet
APM800
三相（I，U，kw，kvar，kwh，kvarh，Hz，cosφ）零序电流In；四象限能量；实时和最大需求； 这是最后一个月的极值；电流和电压不平衡，加载当前条形图显示；66种报警类型和外部事件记录（SOE），支持micro SD卡记录；2DI + 2DO；RS485/Modbus；LED显示屏
Three phase (I, U, kw, kvar, kwh, kvarh, Hz, cosφ) zero sequence current In; four-quadrant energy; real-time and max requirements; this and last months' extremum; current and voltage unbalcancedness; load current bar chart display; 66 alarm types and external event record(SOE), support micro SD card record; 2DI+2DO; RS485/Modbus; LED display
配电箱
Distribution box
ARCM300T-Z
三相（I,U,Kw,Kvar,Kwh,Kvarh,Hz）单回路剩余电流监测，4路温度监测，1路继电器输出，4路开关量输入，事件记录，内置时钟，点阵式LCD显示，，1路RS485/Modbus通讯，可选用2G/4G/NB通讯方式
Three-phase (I,U, KW, KVAR, KWH, KVARH, HZ) single-loop residual current monitoring, 4-channel temperature monitoring, 1-channel relay output, 4-channel switch input, event recording, built-in clock, dot-matrix LCD display, 1-channel RS485/Modbus communication, optional 2G/4G/NB communication
表1 工业能耗管理设备选型表
Table 1 Industrial energy consumption management equipment selection table
5 结束语Conclusion
使用、开发公司能源管理系统，可弥补生物制药企业在能源管理方面的短板，应用数字化的能源信息，方便管理者直观读取企业能源消耗情况。相较于以往人工抄表的方式，自动化、实时化、智能化的能源管理系统很大地提高了工作效率，也为后期准确化能源数据统计、分析及记录提供条件。
The use and development of the company's energy management system can make up for the shortcomings of bio-pharmaceutical enterprises in energy management, and the application of digital energy information can facilitate managers to read the enterprise's energy consumption directly.Compared with the previous manual meter reading method, the automatic, real-time and intelligent energy management system greatly improves the work efficiency, and also provides conditions for accurate energy data statistics, analysis and recording in the later stage.
5.1 系统运行连续、可靠、安全 The system runs continuously, reliably and safely
能源管理系统根据生物制药企业的能源使用特点，对系统功能做出相应改进。系统可连续可靠地对公司能耗指标进行评估、匹配，加强对关键能耗数据及能耗设备的监控。
The energy management system improves the function of the system according to the energy use characteristics of bio-pharmaceutical enterprises.The system can continuously and reliably evaluate and match the company's energy consumption indicators, and strengthen the monitoring of key energy consumption data and energy consumption equipment.
5.2 系统操作使用简便 The system is easy to operate and use
从能源管理人员的分析和总结到相关领导的审核和批准，从部门能源管理到企业能源总结和报告，整个工作流程清晰易懂，符合整体能源管理要求和企业能源管理标准。
From the analysis and summary of energy management personnel to the review and approval of relevant leaders, from departmental energy management to enterprise energy summary and report, the whole work process is clear and easy to understand, in line with the overall energy management requirements and enterprise energy management standards.
5.3 系统监管简洁有效 System supervision is simple and effective
该系统根据EMS模式进行能源数据管理，使得系统运行简洁，对分散能源数据进行集中化管理控制。根据数据分析结果提出相对应的解决方法，实现企业制定的能源节约目标。
This system carries on the energy data management according to the EMS mode, causes the system operation to be concise, carries on the centralized management control to the decentralized energy data.According to the data analysis results, the corresponding solutions are proposed to achieve the energy conservation targets set by the enterprise.
5.4 实现精细化管理 Implementation of fine management
通过能源管理系统的自动化数据信息采集，很大地提升了数据的实时性和准确性，实现能源精细化管理。
Through the automatic data collection of the energy management system, the real-time and accuracy of the data are greatly improved, and the refined energy management is realized.
参考文献 Bibliography
[1] 石巍.能源管理系统在生物制药企业中的应用[D].上海：复旦大学，2011.
[2] 胡德鹏，祁骏飞，孟任，蒋井明，刘大明.生物制药企业电力能源管理系统应用[J].电气工程与自动化.2019.08.
[3] 安科瑞企业微电网设计与应用手册.2020.06版.
[1] Shi Wei. Application of energy Management System in bio-pharmaceutical enterprises [D]. Shanghai: Fudan University, 2011.
[2] Hu Depeng, Qi Junfei, Meng Ren, JIANG Jingming, Liu Daming.Application of power Energy Management System in bio-pharmaceutical enterprises [J]. Electrical Engineering and Automation.2019.08.
[3] Design and Application Manual of Acrel Enterprise Microgrid.2020.06 edition.

Finally. Grail pool slay.
PRF
Rescue+ because staves with positionals are awesome
Light's Restraint because optimal use of my a!elincia. Also damaging special so I can hear her cackle.
Still Water 4 because her prf compares res stats.
Dazzling Shift because not everything is getting hit by her flash status, and the teleportation is kinda clutch.
cc4 because I use her as a backliner more than a frontliner, I like seeing b!seliph and l!veronica get stuck between all my silly little units
atk/res form seal because it works well with her teleportation.

摘要：配电系统是由多种配电设备和配电设施所组成的变换电压和直接向终端用户分配电能的一个电力网络系统。由于配电系统作为电力系统的一个环节直接面向终端用户，它的完善与否直接关系着广大用户的用电可靠性和用电质量，因而在电力系统中具有重要的地位。因此，为避免因温度高，导致设备老化，设备烧坏，供电中断，一次设备起火爆炸等严重事故，对各电气节点进行长期的温度监测能避免因严重故障，造成用户的人身伤害及经济损失。
Abstract: The power distribution system is a power network system that is composed of a variety of power distribution equipment and power distribution facilities to transform voltage and directly distribute electrical energy to end users. As a part of the power system, the power distribution system directly faces end users, and its perfection directly affects the reliability and quality of power consumption of the majority of users, so it has an important position in the power system. Therefore, in order to avoid serious accidents such as equipment aging, equipment burnout, power supply interruption, fire and explosion of equipment due to high temperature, long-term temperature monitoring of each electrical node can avoid serious failures that may cause personal injury and economic loss to users.
关键字：无线测温传感器，无线测温系统，433Mhz无线测温
Keywords: Wireless temperature sensor, wireless temperature monitoring system, 433Mhz wireless temperature sensor
1.项目概述 Project Overview
本项目为马来西亚某配电室的应用，应用在33kV的配电盘中，需要配置无线测温产品，实现安全温度监测。铜排尺寸为10mm×130mm，选择我司ATE400型CT感应取电式传感器，并且采用ATC450收发器来连接显示装置。通过RS485通讯数据传输到客户平台进行实时监控，可有效防止过热故障，影响设备正常运行，避免安全隐患。出于安全和经济效益考虑，建议在配电室各电气节点进行温度实时监测。
This project is an application in a distribution room in Malaysia. It is used in a 33kV switchboard and needs to be equipped with wireless temperature measurement products to achieve safe temperature monitoring. The size of the copper bar is 10mm×130mm. Choose our ATE400 CT powered temperature sensor, and use ATC450 transceiver to connect to the display device. The RS485 communication data is transmitted to the customer platform for real-time monitoring, which can effectively prevent overheating failures, affecting the normal operation of the equipment, and avoiding potential safety hazards. For the sake of safety and economic benefits, it is recommended to conduct real-time temperature monitoring at each electrical node in the power distribution room.
2.无线测温产品介绍
Introduction of Wireless Temperature Measurement Product
安科瑞在线测温装置适用于高低压开关内线缆街头，断路器触头，高压线缆中间头，低压大电流等设备的温度检测，防止在运行过程中因氧化，松动等因素造成接点接触电阻过大而发热成为安全隐患，及时，持续及准确反映设备运行状态，提供设备安全性。
Acrel on-line temperature measurement device is suitable for the temperature detection of high and low voltage switches, circuit breaker contacts, high voltage cable middle heads, low voltage and high current equipment, to prevent contact caused by oxidation, loosening and other factors during operation Excessive contact resistance and heat generation become a safety hazard, timely, continuous and accurate reflection of equipment operating status, and equipment safety.
3.无线测温系统特点 Features of Wireless Temperature Monitoring System
（1）无线测温模块安全可靠、安装维护简单，适合对中开关高电压、大电流接点处进行温度监测，被测设备的结构不需要变动。
（2）整个无线测温系统可以通过无线方式通讯，信号传输方便。
（3）无线测温系统抗干扰能力强，对脉冲干扰、快速瞬变干扰、静电辐射、电磁场辐射等的抗干扰能力达到国家四级标准，同时设备运行不影响中压开关的分、合闸操作以及保护装置的动作。
（4）应用在工业（煤矿、钢铁、石油、化工）、电厂、学校、医院、市政建设、交通设施（机场、火车站）、商业建筑、会展中心、光伏发电、新能源等领域。
(1) The wireless temperature measurement module is safe and reliable, and easy to install and maintain. It is suitable for temperature monitoring at the high voltage and high current contacts of the middle switch. The structure of the device under test does not need to be changed.
(2) The entire wireless temperature measurement system can communicate wirelessly, and the signal transmission is convenient.
(3) The wireless temperature measurement system has strong anti-interference ability, and its anti-interference ability against pulse interference, fast transient interference, electrostatic radiation, electromagnetic field radiation, etc. has reached the national four-level standard, and the operation of the equipment does not affect the opening and closing of the medium voltage switch Operation and protection device actions.
(4) Application in industry (coal, steel, petroleum, chemical), power plants, schools, hospitals, municipal construction, transportation facilities (airports, railway stations), commercial buildings, convention and exhibition centers, photovoltaic power generation, new energy and other fields.
4.无线测温解决方案 Wireless Temperature Monitoring Solution
4.1 测温传感器 Wireless temperature sensor
4.1.1 CT感应取电无线测温传感器 Wireless temperature sensor by CT sensing
ATE400
·Small size;
·Wireless transmit;
·Wireless transmission distance, 150 meters;
·Fase sampling frequency,15s;
·CT-powered, more than 5A starting current;
·Widely temperature measuring range, -40℃~125℃.
4.1.2电池供电型无线测温传感器 Wireless temperature sensor powered by battery
1) ATE200
·Wireless transmit;
·Wireless transmission distance, 150m;
·Fase sampling frequency, 25s;
·Battery -powered, more than 5 years;
·Widely temperature measuring range, -40℃~125℃.
ATE100
·Wireless transmit;
·Wireless transmission distance, 150m;
·Fase sampling frequency, 25s;
·Battery -powered, more than 5 years;
·Widely temperature measuring range, -40℃~125℃.
ATE100M
·Wireless transmit;
·Wireless transmission distance, 150m;
·Fase sampling frequency, 25s;
·Battery -powered, more than 5 years;
·Widely temperature measuring range, -40℃~125℃.
4.2 采集/显示终端 ReceiveDisplay Unit
4.2.1 接收单元 Receiver
1)ATC600-C
·Wireless transceiver;
·Maximum measuring 240 points;
·1 RS485 serial communication, Modbus-RTU;
·2 alarm relays;
·Power supply adapt with AC/DC220V, AC/DC110V.
2)ATC450-C
·Wireless transceiver;
·Maximum measuring 60 points;
·1 RS485 serial communication, Modbus-RTU;
·Power supply adapt with DC24V
4.2.2 显示单元 Display Unit
1) ARTM-Pn
·Wireless temperature measurement, maximum measuring 60 points;
·U, I, P, Q, f, Ep, Eq measurement；
·4 digital inputs;
·2 alarm relays;
·LCD display;
·Power supply adapt with AC220V, DC220V, DC110V, AC110V;
·1 RS485 serial communication, Modbus-RTU.
5.结构图 Typical Connection
https://preview.redd.it/z6qxwejoki4b1.png?width=1081&format=png&auto=webp&s=a1139cb46344cf8993b4651d94ec0679483be6dc
6.应用场景 Application
https://preview.redd.it/viipeanpki4b1.jpg?width=1100&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=d45b488469ee1560dc7274d4c56a59608b9d1f26
参考文献Bibliography
1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02

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Những Mẫu Thiết Kế Website Của Học Viên

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Nội Dung Khóa Học

Phần 1: GIỚI THIỆU TỔNG QUAN KHÓA HỌC THIẾT KẾT WEBSITE BÁN HÀNG Bài 1: Giới thiệu về bản thân và khóa học Bài 2: Những giá trị nhận được sau khóa học Bài 3: Những lưu ý khi tham gia khóa học Bài 4: Ai phù hợp học khóa học này Bài 5: Vì sao khóa học này ra đời Phần 2: NHỮNG KHÁI NIỆM CƠ BẢN CẦN BIẾT Bài 6: Website bán hàng là gì? Bài 7: Vì sao phải có website bán hàng Bài 8: Các yếu tố cấu thành lên 1 website Bài 9: WordPress là gì Bài 10: Hosting là gì Bài 11: Tên miền là gì Bài 12: Source code website là gì Phần 3: QUY TRÌNH CHỌN VÀ ĐĂNG KÝ TÊN MIỀN CHUẨN SEO Bài 13: Các tiêu chí lựa chọn tên miền Bài 14: Hướng dẫn CHỌN tên miền chuẩn seo Bài 15: Giới thiệu nhà cung cấp tên miền uy tín Bài 16: Quy trình thao tác mua tên miền Phần 4: HƯỚNG DẪN CHỌN HOSTING PHÙ HỢP Bài 17: Các tiêu chí lựa chọn hosting chất lượng Bài 18: Giới thiệu nhà cung cấp hoting chất lượng Bài 19: Hướng dẫn chọn gói hotting tiết kiệm phù hợp với nhu cầu sử dụng Phần 5: QUY TRÌNH THIẾT KẾ WEBSITE BÁN HÀNG CHUẨN SEO Bài 20: Hướng dẫn cài đặt WordPress Bài 21: Lợi ích khi sử dụng Theme Flatsome bản quyền chính hãng Bài 22: Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách mua Theme Flatsome bản quyền Bài 23: Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách cài đặt Theme Flatsome bản quyền Bài 24: Thiết lập và cấu trúc Website chuẩn SEO Bài 25: Thiết lập thanh Menu Website chuẩn SEO Bài 26: Tối ưu thanh Top Bar chuẩn SEO Bài 27: Tối ưu thanh HEADER MAIN Bài 28: Hướng dẫn thiết kế Logo bằng Canva Bài 29: TỔNG KẾT THIẾT LẬP VÀ TỐI ƯU HEADER CHUẨN SEO Bài 30: Thiết lập phông chữ chuyên nghiệp cho Website Bài 31: Cách tìm mã màu cực dễ Bài 32: Thiết lập FOOTER WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Bài 33: Thiết lập trang chủ WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Bài 34: Thiết lập trang giới thiệu WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Bài 35: Thiết lập trang liên hệ WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Bài 36: Thiết lập trang sản phẩm WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Bài 37: Thiết lập trang Video WEBSITE chuẩn SEO Phần 6: NGHỆ THUẬT ĐƯA WEBSITE LÊN TOP GOOGLE Bài 38: Quy trình đăng bài viết chuẩn SEO Bài 39: Hướng dẫn tối ưu ảnh Bài 40: Hướng dẫn xây dựng link nội bộ chuẩn SEO Bài 41: Hướng dẫn xây dựng Backlink Bài 42: Hướng dẫn đăng bài viết chuẩn SEO Bài 43: Hướng dẫn đăng sản phẩm chuẩn SEO Phần 7: THIẾT LẬP PLUGIN NÂNG CAO WordPress Bài 44: Giới thiệu rank mak Seo Pro Bài 45: Hướng dẫn tải Rank Math Chính hãng Bài 46: Hướng dẫn cài đặt Rank Math Bài 47: Tối ưu bài viết chuẩn SEO với Rank Math Bài 48: Giới thiệu công cụ đăng sản phẩm và bài viết tự động từ website khách Bài 49: Hướng dẫn tải plugin WP Content Crawler Bài 50: Hướng dẫn sử dụng WP Content Crawler Bài 51: Hướng dẫn chi tiết kết nối website với Google Console Bài 52: Hướng dẫn Submit sitemaps lên Google Console Bài 53: Hướng dẫn Cách sử dụng Google Search Console Bài 54: Hướng dẫn Kết nối website với Gooogle Anlytics để phân tích website Bài 55: Hướng dẫn Phân tích từ khóa để làm SEO Bài 56: Phương pháp và quy trình chọn đề tài trong SEO website Bài 57: 4 mạng xã hội mạnh nhất để bùng nổ doanh số và khách hàng Bài 58: Những yếu tố trụ cột giúp từ khóa lên tóp bền vững Bài 59: Những cách kiếm tiền từ website Phần 8: THIẾT LẬP THANH TOÁN VÀ QUẢN LÝ ĐƠN HÀNG ONLINE Bài 60: Hướng dẫn cài đặt thanh toán Bài 61: Hướng dẫn cài đặt nhận email tự động Bài 62: Cách quản lý đơn hàng woocommerce Bài 63: Thay đổi thông tin địa chỉ cửa hàng Bài 64: Thêm phương thức giao hàng WooCommerce Bài 65: Tạo và quản lý danh mục sản phẩm Bài 66: Cách tạo thuộc tính màu sắc, kích thước sản phẩm Bài 67: Cách tạo mã giảm giá voucher Bài 68: Quản lý tồn kho WooCommerce Phần 9: HƯỚNG DẪN THIẾT KẾ BANNER HÌNH ẢNH CHUẨN SEO Bài 69: Nguyên tắc thiết kế hình ảnh chuẩn Seo Bài 70: Vì sao phải thiết kế hình ảnh chuẩn SEO Bài 71: Công thức tối ưu hình ảnh chuẩn seo Bài 72: Công cụ thiết kế hình ảnh Bài 73: Hướng dẫn chi tiết thiết kế hình ảnh chuẩn SEO Phần 10: TĂNG TÔC WEBSITE LÊN 100 ĐIỂM Bài 74: Lý do vì sao phải tăng tốc website Bài 75: Những lợi ích khi website được tối ưu tốc độ tải Bài 76: Giới thiệu công cụ tăng tắc website Bài 77: Cách test tốc độ tải website Bài 78: Quy trình tăng tốc website lên 100 điểm google Bài 79: Ứng Dụng AI Phát Triển Website Bài 80: Nhắn nhủ và cám ơn