Justin Parker, the founder of Golden Valley, leaves a Port Moresby prison on bail in 2016. Despite his conviction for manslaughter, he retains full ownership of the company. Below: A family pans for gold together in PNG. PHOTOS: LOOP, SHAWN BLORE, Small-scale gold mining provides much-needed income for families in Papua New Guinea, above; Perth Mint chief executive Richard Hayes, below, and chairman Sam Walsh, bottom left. PHOTOS: COLIN MURTY, BLOOMBERG
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The Perth Mint, owned by the West Australian government, is buying up to $200 million of ‘‘conflict gold’’ annually from a convicted killer in Papua New Guinea, a breach of its global accreditation and internal policies. An investigation by The Australian Financial Review can reveal the historic Mint has repeatedly ignored staff concerns around purchases from smallscale gold miners in PNG, a practice heavily criticised for using child labour, degrading the environment through the use of mercury, and promoting conflict.
Chaired by former Rio Tinto chief executive Sam Walsh and backed by a state government guarantee, the Mint is the largest refiner of newly mined gold in the world and in February said it was at the ‘‘forefront of setting the highest possible ethical standards’’. But insiders, speaking on the condition they remain anonymous, said the Mint is paying little more than lip service to this pledge by dealing with the PNG firm, Golden Valley. It is owned by Justin Parker, who was convicted of manslaughter in August 2017 and sentenced to 13 years’ jail after beating his helicopter mechanic to death. He was released on parole last year.
Despite Mr Parker’s conviction, he has retained full ownership of Golden Valley and it remains a large supplier to the Mint, despite internal reservations. When a Mint employee asked a delegation of senior managers from Golden Valley how they dealt with competition in PNG, a representative said: ‘‘It’s easy, a gun to the back of the head.’’
Luke van Boehm, the managing director of Golden Valley, denied a comment like this was ever made by anyone at the company. But he said the Perth Mint had never conducted an audit on its supply chain, conceded mercury was often used by those it purchased gold from and that children were involved in mining with their families. ‘‘In a country like PNG, all the family gets involved,’’ he said during a phone interview.
He said Mr Parker was no longer a director of Golden Valley, but continued to have some input into its operations. Ciaran O’Faircheallaigh from Griffith University, who has studied smallscale gold mining in PNG and cited Golden Valley in his research, said the Mint could never claim its gold was ethically sourced.
‘‘They [the Mint] would have no idea where the gold came from. They would not have a clue,’’ he said. Both Mr O’Faircheallaigh and Mr van Boehm said small-scale gold mining provided muchneeded income at the village level in PNG and entire communities often depended on it for their livelihood. Mr van Boehm said efforts were being made to phase out the use of mercury. ‘‘We are trying to encourage the use of other chemicals,’’ he said. The Mint insiders said buying from Mr Parker was highly profitable, as the margin from Golden Valley was 10 times higher compared to other corporate customers such as Newcrest or Lihir Gold.
‘‘Golden Valley is happy to take a cheaper price because the gold is being washed through a government-backed institution,’’ one insider said. ‘‘They know if someone did proper due diligence then maybe the metal would not be accepted.’’ Mr van Boehm said he was not aware of this discount and denied his gold would be rejected by other refiners.
The Mint insiders said in previous years Golden Valley had sold up to 50,000 ounces to the Mint, worth $137 million at today’s prices. They said this had increased to around 80,000 ounces last year or $200 million at current prices. Richard Hayes, chief executive of the Mint, said it could not comment on individual customers but was acutely aware of the ‘‘complex issues’’ associated with small-scale gold mining in developing countries. He said five of the Mint’s largest PNG customers, who bought from smallscale miners, were subject to audits as the country was rated as a ‘‘medium risk’’. ‘‘All of our customers have been granted and currently hold export licences from the Bank of PNG and due diligence documentation accompanies all shipments from the nation,’’ Mr Hayes said in a statement. Like the consumer backlash over ‘‘blood diamonds’’ which forced buyers and cutters to be more accountable at the end of last century, the gold industry has sought to stamp out ‘‘conflict gold’’ and ensure the integrity of its supply chains in recent years. This is part of a broader push by companies and government bodies to ensure they meet their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) responsibilities. In the gold sector the move towards ethical sourcing has been led by the world’s largest gold exchange, the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), which traces its roots to 1750 and the East India Company. The LBMA is loosely regulated by the Bank of England. Under the LBMA’s responsible sourcing policy refiners like the Perth Mint commit to not buying gold which promotes conflict, human rights abuses, including childlabour, and issustainably sourced.
‘‘Failure to adhere to the LBMA’s Responsible Sourcing Programme will result in the removal of the refiner from the Good Delivery Lists,’’ said the LBMA’s chief technical officer, Nick Harby, in a video explaining the policy. In a February press release the Perth Mint said it had ‘‘long been at the forefront of setting the highest possible ethical standards across all its operations’’. In launching an ethical supply chain solution, Mr Hayes talked about ‘‘child labour and other,
abhorrent practices’’ and how this contrasted with ‘‘ethically sourced [gold] from mines in Australia and the United States’’. He made no mention of the Perth Mint’s purchases of alluvial gold from PNG, of which Golden Valley is among the largest buyers. Nor did he mention that these small miners frequently use child labour and often remove impurities through the use of mercury, which is banned in Australia. ‘‘The use of mercury causes serious environmental and health problems. It is unambiguously awful,’’ said Professor O’Faircheallaigh from Griffith University. In addition, he said, silt from the gold mining often had an adverse effect on food suppliers and water quality downstream due to increased levels of sediment in rivers.
Professor O’Faircheallaigh said the Mint could never say with any confidence that the metal it buys from Golden Valley was ethically sourced. ‘‘Some of it may be [ethically sourced] but equally there would be a high proportion where mercury was used,’’ he said. A 2016 report co-authored by Professor O’Faircheallaigh also identified Golden Valley as a supplier of mercury. ‘‘Dealing in bulk mercury can be remarkably lucrative,’’ the report said, noting the likes of Golden Valley could expect a 10-fold mark-up. Mr van Boehm said the company did sell some mercury, but had sought to educate miners on its correct use to avoid the worst side effects of the chemical. These include physical and mental disabilities in children and compromised development, according to an article published in the European academic journal, Chemistry. ‘‘The health effects on the miners are dire, with inhaled mercury leading to neurological damage,’’ it said. ‘‘The communities near these mines are also affected due to mercury contamination of water and soil and subsequent accumulation in food staples, such as fish.’’
Another researcher who asked to remain anonymous due to fear of reprisals said small-scale gold mining had a highly negative impact on remote villages in the PNG highlands. The researcher said when gold was discovered children were often taken out of school and there was an influx of outsiders. ‘‘Suddenly there are guns in the village, along with conflict and crime which had previously not existed,’’ the person said. ‘‘It is definitely not ethically sourced gold.’’
Typically, gold from these villages would make its way down to a regional centre, where an aggregator like Golden Valley would purchase it. From here it would be flown by helicopter down to Port Moresby and then onto Perth.

Introduction:
In our modern society, financial abundance is often seen as a symbol of success and freedom. While money alone does not guarantee happiness, it can provide opportunities and resources to live a fulfilling life. Many people aspire to attract wealth in abundance, but it requires a combination of mindset, action, and certain principles to manifest this goal. In this blog, we will explore practical strategies and mindset shifts that can help you attract wealth in abundance.
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1. Develop a Prosperity Mindset:

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1. Set Clear Financial Goals:

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1. Take Inspired Action:

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1. Cultivate Abundance Consciousness:

Shift your mindset from scarcity to abundance. Practice gratitude for what you already have and focus on abundance in all areas of your life, not just finances. Embrace an attitude of generosity and giving. When you operate from a mindset of abundance, you create a positive energy flow that attracts wealth and opportunities. Avoid dwelling on lack or scarcity, as these thoughts can hinder your progress.
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1. Surround Yourself with Success:

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1. Embrace Continuous Learning:

Invest in your personal and financial growth through continuous learning. Read books, attend seminars, and take courses on personal finance, wealth creation, and entrepreneurship. Expand your knowledge and skillset to enhance your financial intelligence. The more you learn, the better equipped you become to make informed decisions and seize opportunities.

1. Practice Wealth Habits:

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Conclusion:
Attracting wealth in abundance requires a holistic approach that combines mindset, action, and principles. By cultivating a prosperity mindset, setting clear goals, taking inspired action, and embracing abundance consciousness, you can pave the way to financial prosperity. Surrounding yourself with success, continuous learning, and practicing wealth habits further reinforce your path to abundance. Remember, attracting wealth is a journey that requires persistence, resilience, and a commitment to your financial goals. With the right mindset and strategies, you can unlock the door to a life of abundance and financial freedom.

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