S&p 500 forecast 2030
S&P 500 Earnings
2016.04.28 16:28 Eric_379 S&P 500 Earnings
2010.01.23 05:11 Psymantis $SPY - SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust
The SPDR S&P 500 trust is an exchange-traded fund which trades on the NYSE Arca under the symbol. SPDR is an acronym for the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts, the former name of the ETF. It is designed to track the S&P 500 stock market index. This fund is the largest ETF in the world. NYSEARCA: SPY
2010.09.12 12:12 iw3z Chicago Bulls
A community dedicated to the best NBA team to ever step onto a basketball court.
2023.06.01 07:04 droidmasta420 Can an ex-criminal get job in Cybersecurity? Wrongfully convicted but still.. Advice?
I saw a comment saying "If you just stay out of prison most things in life are recoverable" on another post here. What if YOU HAVE been to prison? In 2016 I had received Opiate possession (I was 20) bumped up to "Distribution" because the DA was running for re-election and I had a small amount, separated into a weekly pill thing to control my usage. Didn't want to be a zombie, just get through the day and manage my pain. Had no health insurance and no one prescribes pain pills anyways with the "opiate epidemic" but you don't need a doctor to tell you "Okay, your pain is real and I'll let you relieve it THIS MUCH and only THIS WAY". So I had been using for some months, not knowing why but just hurting BADLY for YEARS to the point that I couldn't focus, was constantly depressed and didn't know how I was going to do anything like this.
They called it "intent to distribute, multiple baggies" because of when they found the M-S labelled container.. This was in addition to a straight distribution charge because before this, some guy was an informant, asked me to sell him something and i told him no but gave him a number because he gave me a sob story and I empathize with hurting people trying to relieve their pain. I was trying to quit at the time and had a few days cold-turkey sober. This was "unacceptable" and he insisted on paying me to go and pick it up FOR HIM. He paid for an uber and also bought me extra.. I ended up going for it. I was sick and caved.
I was sent to a bootcamp youthful offender program. I was 20, turned 21 in prison. Got out after a 18 months, completed my deferred sentence (which i know it's weird since i went to prison)... but the bootcamp must have exasperated something and while I was working labor when I got out, (the only thing I thought I could get as a "felon", which I'm not sure if I am or not still) I kept getting injured and it wasn't apparent why. Sometimes I could push through it and others I couldn't stand up for 2 days after an "episode", just from standing up too quickly or picking up a 5 lb box. Went to the doctor and was told I had SEVERE degenerative disc, accelerated by trauma to this lining around my discs which tore it, no longer holding them in place.. Apparently that's where my pain had been coming from and why I was using. My family always complained about little aches but always sort of treated me like my pain wasn't real because I had always taken care to be fit, not overeat, and stay healthy. Since I was young and fit, I wasn't really "entitled" to be hurting and I would be told "Everyone has back pain.. Oh yeah, I don't know anybody that doesn't have what you've described" so I grew up believing this was normal... Just couldn't cope, it was so bad as I got older.
So the career... I got out and hit the ground running and worked everyday but I kept getting laid off and let go or having to mutually agree to quit the jobs because I couldn't consistently perform like the other guys. I was hurniating discs every other day, and after almost a year of being out and after the diagnosis, I relapsed to try and keep working because it was the only way I could keep doing so. I was prescribed "physical therapy" but it just doesn't fix hurniated discs to where I can keep working labor.. I had to manage the pain... Still, I lasted maybe a month or two after the relapse and made it through work 4-5 days a week even with the hurniated discs as long as I used.. I was a stagehand moving heavy amplifiers and stage stuff... But eventually I had to quit this job too, the only one that would work with me despite my inconsistent ability to perform because I was great at managing teams.
I needed to make more money and couldn't work the only thing I had "experience" in so I looked to Tech, hoping if i worked hard enough I could get in and make enough money to afford my 3 level laminectomy to avoid paralysis and if I couldn't do it fast enough, then I would still have skills I could earn a living with from a wheelchair... I was only 23 and disability was off the table. I applied but I was too young and they acted like they thought I was faking it. Looking for a free-ride... Which is the last thing I want.. I don't feel helpless but I DO feel hopeless, like it doesn't matter how much I can do or how hard I will work or how well I can perform tech/Cyber because getting started in the industry is SOOOOO BAD right now. I did my bachelors in a yeatwo semesters on pel-grants and did 8-12 certs during that time but in over 500 applications since a month or so before graduation (6 months ago), I've had roughly 5 phone interviews that were legit. I told one about the felony history up front and they dropped me. The rest say I don't have "Experience".
In competitions, hands-on challenges, etc. I perform up to the top 1% depending on the discipline (IR, CTI, Pentesting, general IT, reverse engineering, packet-analysis, SIEM, etc.) but without experience, it seems pointless to even try.. There are few, if any, entry level jobs available ANYWHERE, the market is oversaturated with people who didn't practice like I did (40 hours a week for the last 3-4 years) which isn't required by certs/degree and, as such, results in a majority of candidates (especially early careeer) struggling in hands-on performance so employers are skeptical because of that, and because of the recession....
IF I COULD get some employer to TEST ME and decide to hire me or not JUST based on my ability to do the job, what are the odds that the criminal record DOESN'T kill my chances anyways? I've worked MY ASS OFF. Both before, to the point I broke my back, literally... and to transition into a job i could still do and PERFORM COMPETITIVELY AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL but it seems like there's just no opportunity... and that even IF there was, I'd be at the back of the line if not outright rejected due to my history....
BUT I NEED TO SURVIVE. I NEED MONEY TO DO THAT, and I NEED MY SKILLS TO BE VALUED. I feel I've already put in the effort to actually achieve something and to do so without much money.. which took significantly more time and effort than normally. I never thought that competence would simply be IGNORED but it isn't even assessed. It really seems like, since the reqs for Cyber jobs have gone so far up in recent years, the older employees are using their seniority to make sure EXPERIENCE is valued over everything so that WE (Those who have had to train MUCH MORE extensively, and hands-on, and get certifications they never did) can't be there to outcompete them for jobs they don't care to upskill to compete for... So they'l starve us to death and deny our capabilities, using their authority to gatekeep and eliminate competition for their positions.
HOW DO I SURVIVE THIS? How can I thrive? How can I have my work and hard-won skills be valued for my competence and NOT have my ability to THRIVE be rejected in favor of treating as though I'm worthless for the "worst thing" I've ever done... Which was try to manage my own pain.
As an aside... Why the hell do NOT HURTING people, get to look down on those who are and use drugs to numb the pain? Why is it a criminal act to manage one's pain? Assuming you don't steal or commit other crimes.... Why is it such a problem and why is it anyone else's place to say what kind of pain you're in and how you should or shouldn't deal with it.... Sure, maybe yoga worked for you, but that's probably because you weren't actually hurt that bad... or were in a lucky position that it did..
WHY DO I HAVE TO BE A CRIMINAL for trying NOT TO HURT so I COULD WORK and take CARE OF MY FAMILY?
I was sober for 2 years. Relapsed again a few months ago after graduating and getting nowhere. Clean again now but I'm not going to lie, I don't know if I'll ever be able to live completely without help to manage my pain until I can get the surgery... For which I need money... for which I need a job... which I cannot get LITERALLLY to save my life or the lives of those I love... no matter how well I perform, how hard I work, how good I am, how much I've struggled and overcome, how kind or honest I am or have been, how many lives I've saved, how much I've sacrificed, invested, time spent, or other redeeming qualities... IS EVERYTHING NULL VOID because of this ONE thing and the arbitrary self-entitled sense of morality and arbitrarily restrictive laws towards PAIN KILLERS of others?
Did I really have to SUFFER NEEDLESSLY to the point of not functioning to be allowed to ever earn a living for ANY of my other abilities because... Idk... Some people knew someone that abused drugs and overdosed? WILL THIS EVER CHANGE?
P.S. My charges were all misdemeanors just 2 months after I had to sign, pleading nolo contendere... and the charges of distribution were eventually dropped due to the low amount and entrapment by law enforcement while I deliberately tried not to and to help the person go to meetings, talk about it, get help.. .anything but relapse... but expunged or not, deferred or not, I have a felony on my record for the exact same thing... and it's a HUGE problem.
submitted by droidmasta420 to careeradvice [link] [comments]
They called it "intent to distribute, multiple baggies" because of when they found the M-S labelled container.. This was in addition to a straight distribution charge because before this, some guy was an informant, asked me to sell him something and i told him no but gave him a number because he gave me a sob story and I empathize with hurting people trying to relieve their pain. I was trying to quit at the time and had a few days cold-turkey sober. This was "unacceptable" and he insisted on paying me to go and pick it up FOR HIM. He paid for an uber and also bought me extra.. I ended up going for it. I was sick and caved.
I was sent to a bootcamp youthful offender program. I was 20, turned 21 in prison. Got out after a 18 months, completed my deferred sentence (which i know it's weird since i went to prison)... but the bootcamp must have exasperated something and while I was working labor when I got out, (the only thing I thought I could get as a "felon", which I'm not sure if I am or not still) I kept getting injured and it wasn't apparent why. Sometimes I could push through it and others I couldn't stand up for 2 days after an "episode", just from standing up too quickly or picking up a 5 lb box. Went to the doctor and was told I had SEVERE degenerative disc, accelerated by trauma to this lining around my discs which tore it, no longer holding them in place.. Apparently that's where my pain had been coming from and why I was using. My family always complained about little aches but always sort of treated me like my pain wasn't real because I had always taken care to be fit, not overeat, and stay healthy. Since I was young and fit, I wasn't really "entitled" to be hurting and I would be told "Everyone has back pain.. Oh yeah, I don't know anybody that doesn't have what you've described" so I grew up believing this was normal... Just couldn't cope, it was so bad as I got older.
So the career... I got out and hit the ground running and worked everyday but I kept getting laid off and let go or having to mutually agree to quit the jobs because I couldn't consistently perform like the other guys. I was hurniating discs every other day, and after almost a year of being out and after the diagnosis, I relapsed to try and keep working because it was the only way I could keep doing so. I was prescribed "physical therapy" but it just doesn't fix hurniated discs to where I can keep working labor.. I had to manage the pain... Still, I lasted maybe a month or two after the relapse and made it through work 4-5 days a week even with the hurniated discs as long as I used.. I was a stagehand moving heavy amplifiers and stage stuff... But eventually I had to quit this job too, the only one that would work with me despite my inconsistent ability to perform because I was great at managing teams.
I needed to make more money and couldn't work the only thing I had "experience" in so I looked to Tech, hoping if i worked hard enough I could get in and make enough money to afford my 3 level laminectomy to avoid paralysis and if I couldn't do it fast enough, then I would still have skills I could earn a living with from a wheelchair... I was only 23 and disability was off the table. I applied but I was too young and they acted like they thought I was faking it. Looking for a free-ride... Which is the last thing I want.. I don't feel helpless but I DO feel hopeless, like it doesn't matter how much I can do or how hard I will work or how well I can perform tech/Cyber because getting started in the industry is SOOOOO BAD right now. I did my bachelors in a yeatwo semesters on pel-grants and did 8-12 certs during that time but in over 500 applications since a month or so before graduation (6 months ago), I've had roughly 5 phone interviews that were legit. I told one about the felony history up front and they dropped me. The rest say I don't have "Experience".
In competitions, hands-on challenges, etc. I perform up to the top 1% depending on the discipline (IR, CTI, Pentesting, general IT, reverse engineering, packet-analysis, SIEM, etc.) but without experience, it seems pointless to even try.. There are few, if any, entry level jobs available ANYWHERE, the market is oversaturated with people who didn't practice like I did (40 hours a week for the last 3-4 years) which isn't required by certs/degree and, as such, results in a majority of candidates (especially early careeer) struggling in hands-on performance so employers are skeptical because of that, and because of the recession....
IF I COULD get some employer to TEST ME and decide to hire me or not JUST based on my ability to do the job, what are the odds that the criminal record DOESN'T kill my chances anyways? I've worked MY ASS OFF. Both before, to the point I broke my back, literally... and to transition into a job i could still do and PERFORM COMPETITIVELY AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL but it seems like there's just no opportunity... and that even IF there was, I'd be at the back of the line if not outright rejected due to my history....
BUT I NEED TO SURVIVE. I NEED MONEY TO DO THAT, and I NEED MY SKILLS TO BE VALUED. I feel I've already put in the effort to actually achieve something and to do so without much money.. which took significantly more time and effort than normally. I never thought that competence would simply be IGNORED but it isn't even assessed. It really seems like, since the reqs for Cyber jobs have gone so far up in recent years, the older employees are using their seniority to make sure EXPERIENCE is valued over everything so that WE (Those who have had to train MUCH MORE extensively, and hands-on, and get certifications they never did) can't be there to outcompete them for jobs they don't care to upskill to compete for... So they'l starve us to death and deny our capabilities, using their authority to gatekeep and eliminate competition for their positions.
HOW DO I SURVIVE THIS? How can I thrive? How can I have my work and hard-won skills be valued for my competence and NOT have my ability to THRIVE be rejected in favor of treating as though I'm worthless for the "worst thing" I've ever done... Which was try to manage my own pain.
As an aside... Why the hell do NOT HURTING people, get to look down on those who are and use drugs to numb the pain? Why is it a criminal act to manage one's pain? Assuming you don't steal or commit other crimes.... Why is it such a problem and why is it anyone else's place to say what kind of pain you're in and how you should or shouldn't deal with it.... Sure, maybe yoga worked for you, but that's probably because you weren't actually hurt that bad... or were in a lucky position that it did..
WHY DO I HAVE TO BE A CRIMINAL for trying NOT TO HURT so I COULD WORK and take CARE OF MY FAMILY?
I was sober for 2 years. Relapsed again a few months ago after graduating and getting nowhere. Clean again now but I'm not going to lie, I don't know if I'll ever be able to live completely without help to manage my pain until I can get the surgery... For which I need money... for which I need a job... which I cannot get LITERALLLY to save my life or the lives of those I love... no matter how well I perform, how hard I work, how good I am, how much I've struggled and overcome, how kind or honest I am or have been, how many lives I've saved, how much I've sacrificed, invested, time spent, or other redeeming qualities... IS EVERYTHING NULL VOID because of this ONE thing and the arbitrary self-entitled sense of morality and arbitrarily restrictive laws towards PAIN KILLERS of others?
Did I really have to SUFFER NEEDLESSLY to the point of not functioning to be allowed to ever earn a living for ANY of my other abilities because... Idk... Some people knew someone that abused drugs and overdosed? WILL THIS EVER CHANGE?
P.S. My charges were all misdemeanors just 2 months after I had to sign, pleading nolo contendere... and the charges of distribution were eventually dropped due to the low amount and entrapment by law enforcement while I deliberately tried not to and to help the person go to meetings, talk about it, get help.. .anything but relapse... but expunged or not, deferred or not, I have a felony on my record for the exact same thing... and it's a HUGE problem.
2023.06.01 06:43 AbusiveDiana92 For earth
 | submitted by AbusiveDiana92 to meme [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 06:10 Geissele_Genghis1776 [WTS] mk12, 13.9 criterion, fn, Larue, solgw, tangodown, Modlite, KAC, AEMS, Sig Juliet, Arisaka, Ergo, Magpul CTR
Time stamp: https://imgur.com/a/lows1Z1
Upper 1 mock 12 has less than 500 rounds. No blem parts on build ! BCM upper, FN 18” heavy spr profile ch chf Mid length, Microbest ( new ) Pri gas buster ambi ( new), Midwest combat quad 14”, AE/Ops inc brake and collar, badger ordnance mk12 gas block, bcm gas tube, SI ultimate aluminum dc, kac taupe 11 rib rail covers, P&S broom handle, upper shoots very precise can do sub moa 10 shot group with hornady vmax and m855 is around 1.5 moa . only selling because I just acquired a legit mod 1 $800 shipped conus
https://imgur.com/a/JxjDKnx
Upper 2 brand new zero rounds 13.9” non P&W all parts non blem except radian ch criterion core, bcm upper, solgw bcg, bcm QRF 12”, dead air 3 prong keymo fh, bcm gas block, bcm gas tube, radian blem raptor, SI ultimate aluminum dc, holosun aems green reticle opmod, sig Juliet 5x mag, Utg buis, ergo rail covers, tango down stubby foregrip. $1400 everything including optics, $900 without conus
Modlite 1 is phlv2 18650 gen 2 with mlok offset mount, battery and charger new no salt zero rounds $275
Modlite 2 is phlv2 gen1 18650 very little to no salt has dnc wrap, Arisaka offset picatinny mount, battery $260
Magpul Ctr brand new Larue Ctmoe RISR has a little rattle can on it $80 for combo or Ctr $45 RISR $45
Stubby Tacticon armament picatinny QD foregrip identical to TD but half the price $30
AT3 tac 3 pack of mlok 2 slot panels new $25
Larue black Dillo $10
submitted by Geissele_Genghis1776 to GunAccessoriesForSale [link] [comments]
Upper 1 mock 12 has less than 500 rounds. No blem parts on build ! BCM upper, FN 18” heavy spr profile ch chf Mid length, Microbest ( new ) Pri gas buster ambi ( new), Midwest combat quad 14”, AE/Ops inc brake and collar, badger ordnance mk12 gas block, bcm gas tube, SI ultimate aluminum dc, kac taupe 11 rib rail covers, P&S broom handle, upper shoots very precise can do sub moa 10 shot group with hornady vmax and m855 is around 1.5 moa . only selling because I just acquired a legit mod 1 $800 shipped conus
https://imgur.com/a/JxjDKnx
Upper 2 brand new zero rounds 13.9” non P&W all parts non blem except radian ch criterion core, bcm upper, solgw bcg, bcm QRF 12”, dead air 3 prong keymo fh, bcm gas block, bcm gas tube, radian blem raptor, SI ultimate aluminum dc, holosun aems green reticle opmod, sig Juliet 5x mag, Utg buis, ergo rail covers, tango down stubby foregrip. $1400 everything including optics, $900 without conus
Modlite 1 is phlv2 18650 gen 2 with mlok offset mount, battery and charger new no salt zero rounds $275
Modlite 2 is phlv2 gen1 18650 very little to no salt has dnc wrap, Arisaka offset picatinny mount, battery $260
Stubby Tacticon armament picatinny QD foregrip identical to TD but half the price $30
AT3 tac 3 pack of mlok 2 slot panels new $25
Larue black Dillo $10
2023.06.01 05:59 Mitrade_Official Today's forex news: US House passes debt ceiling bill
 | https://preview.redd.it/bz6wdz4byb3b1.jpg?width=1081&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=5a5ff32798e3c6b75c6d0ed4560675101a9e8814 submitted by Mitrade_Official to u/Mitrade_Official [link] [comments] Despite earlier reservations from several Republican House members, the proposed bill to raise the debt ceiling has been passed with 314 supporting votes - an overwhelming majority. The Senate will be the next hurdle before the bill is signed off by President Biden. The JOLTs Job Openings increased by 10.1 million in April, which will boost estimates for Friday's Nonfarm Payroll figures. USD/CAD slipped 28 pips to 1.3575, and USD/JPY declined 46 pips to 139.34. GBP/USD added 27 pips to 1.2441, and EUUSD fell 46 pips to 1.0689. Australian retail sales in May stagnated without growth or contraction. AUD/USD slid 11 pips to 0.6503. Spot gold gained $3.32 to $1,962.67 an ounce, and WTI oil futures fell $1.37 to $68.09 a barrel. Bitcoin and Ethereum both slowed to $27,096.0 and $1,872.20 respectively. The US stock market closed red, with the Nasdaq 100 dropping 100 points to 14,254. The S&P 500 closed 25 points lower at 4,179.83, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 134 points to 32,908. The US economy seems to be getting back on the right track, but how will the greenback fare in the forex market? Get Mitrade’s trading strategies here → https://mytd.cc/7z4 *Not Personal Advice. All trading involves risks. This information is not intended for distribution where it is contrary to local regulations. #crypto #finance #forex #investing #trading |
2023.06.01 05:51 yeeitschris Flexing before my guildies ban me
 | submitted by yeeitschris to EpicSeven [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 05:39 websterize Breaking in a new charging port
 | TL;DR: My i3 displays "Unable to charge" faults during DC charging sessions. I'm unsure why. submitted by websterize to BMWi3 [link] [comments] Over the holiday weekend, my kids and I took a 675-mile road trip to visit family. We set out in ideal conditions (75ºF, calm wind, <70 mph) to achieve maximum range in a 2020 i3 S BEV, which I recently purchased as a Certified Pre-Owned vehicle still under the factory warranty. We also broke in a new charging port that BMW replaced after delivery under its "Goodwill Program." A plastic tip on one of the DC pins broke off, and out of pocket, replacing the port — BMW doesn't repair parts — would have cost $2,500. (https://www.reddit.com/BMWi3/comments/13n60e8/the_2500_plastic_nubbin/). We charged four times on the outbound leg and four times on the inbound, alternating between 15-minute boosts and 30- to 40-minute food breaks. Driving and fast charging the 337 miles to Grandpa's took 7 hours and 3 minutes. (My daughter was the official timekeeper.) Our moving time was about 5.5 hours. I used Active Cruise Control extensively, setting the speed between 65 and 70 m.p.h. with an average consumption of 3.6 miles/kWh. On half of the eight fast-charging sessions — three with Electrify America and one with EVgo — the car displayed an "Unable to charge" fault on the iDrive screen a few minutes after initiation. The mobile apps of each provider also showed a communication error between the charger and the i3. When I went outside to investigate each time, the DC charge was running strong. At one of the EA sessions where the fault appeared, the car charged at its maximum 50 kW rate for several minutes near the end, tapering at 86% state of charge. So the electrons were flowing. I'll likely schedule an appointment at the local BMW i service center that replaced the port so they can read the error codes and tell me nothing is wrong. We experienced an unusually BMW i intense road trip. Driving home today, at the beginning of the journey, my kids and I passed a white i8 in Ashtabula County, Ohio, where their grandfather lives. My hair almost caught on fire at the site in this rural area. I flashed the high beams, but he stayed dark. As he approached, he appeared to be looking down and might have been texting. Then, 75 miles from home in Western Maryland, a white i3 with 20-inch Sport wheels passed as if we were plodding at 70 mph on I-70. My son's hair almost caught on fire. He misses the 2018 white i3 S, which he called Panda, that I recently sold to another father who has a boy his age. Finally, at the last charging stop today, and as we pulled out, a Tesla Model 3 with blue brake calipers backed into the Electrify America fast charger in Bedford, Pa. It has three CCS stations and one CCS/CHAdeMO combo unit. It was the first time I'd seen a Tesla at that location. I wondered if the driver had an adapter. Waiting for traffic before pulling out, I glanced in the rearview mirror and saw the Tesla driver holding a CCS gun near the charging-port flap, tapping it. When my son was a toddler, he would tap my hand with his empty sippy cup when he needed a refill. I smiled at the memory and conjured some EV mojo, hoping she had enough juice to make it to the Breezewood Supercharger 30 minutes away. |
2023.06.01 05:32 Cuwade How is this possible? 1 HR, no RBI?
 | Am I missing something? submitted by Cuwade to SuperMegaBaseball [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 05:25 FossilFrothy The typical compensation package for chief executives who run S&P 500 companies rose to a median of $14.8 million. The median pay for workers was $77,178. That means it would take workers 186 years to make what a CEO making the median pay earned just last year.
 | submitted by FossilFrothy to LateStageCapitalism [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 05:24 FossilFrothy The typical compensation package for chief executives who run S&P 500 companies rose to a median of $14.8 million. The median pay for workers was $77,178. That means it would take workers 186 years to make what a CEO making the median pay earned just last year.
| | submitted by FossilFrothy to antiwork [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 05:11 angelolandi How Much Sodium in a Teaspoon of Salt?
 | Salt is a common ingredient in many meals. However, too much sodium can increase your risk for health problems like high blood pressure and heart disease. submitted by angelolandi to u/angelolandi [link] [comments] Healthy adults should not consume more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day. You can reduce your sodium intake by using herbs and spices to season foods instead of salt, avoiding processed foods, and choosing natural, unsalted seasoning blends. How Much Sodium in a Teaspoon of Salt? Table SaltSodium is an essential nutrient found naturally in many foods, but it can also be added to processed foods as a preservative and flavor enhancer. When added in excess, too much sodium can increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure and other health problems. In addition, too much sodium can cause the body to retain water and lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. A teaspoon of table salt typically contains around 2,300 milligrams of sodium, which is nearly your daily recommended limit for sodium intake.Table salt is harvested from underground mines and processed in factories to remove impurities, add anti-clumping agents and enrich it with iodine. It is 40 percent sodium by weight. Sea salt is also made by evaporating ocean water, but it undergoes more processing to remove impurities and add iodine. The remaining 60 percent of sodium in sea salt is comprised of trace minerals that can provide health benefits. Aside from table salt, sodium is also found in many other foods, especially processed or packaged items, such as cheese, bacon, lunch meats and canned soups. It is also in some condiments such as soy sauce and salad dressing. Sodium is also present in some fresh fruits and vegetables, including peppers, broccoli and cauliflower. To reduce sodium intake, read the nutrition labels on food packaging and choose items with lower levels of sodium. When possible, eat foods in their whole form and season them with herbs, spices and low-sodium condiments to avoid excess sodium consumption. Ideally, you should aim for a maximum of 2,300 mg of sodium per day for most adults and 1,500 mg for children under 14 years old. Excess sodium can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and other health problems. Using an accurate measuring spoon and reading the sodium content on nutrition labels can help you stay within your daily sodium intake recommendations. When purchasing packaged foods, look for'sodium' or'salt' (which includes both sodium and chloride) in the ingredients list to determine how much sodium is in a serving. If a food doesn't have a nutrition label, search for the item on a nutrition website or mobile app to learn its sodium content. Sea SaltMany people use salt as a seasoning, and it is essential to the diets of some individuals. However, excess sodium can lead to high blood pressure and cardiovascular issues, so it is important to monitor the amount you eat. A teaspoon of table salt typically contains 2,300 milligrams of sodium, but the amount can vary by type. Sea salt, Himalayan pink salt and kosher salt contain less than the table variety, but it is still important to monitor your intake.Sodium is an essential mineral that helps maintain fluid balance and support muscle functioning, but too much of it can be unhealthy. The recommended daily intake of sodium is no more than 2,300 mg per day. However, most people consume significantly more than this amount. Most of the sodium in a person’s diet comes from processed and packaged foods such as canned soups, breads and rolls, chips and crackers, pizza, fast food and frozen dinners. A teaspoon of sea salt typically has around 1,000 mg of sodium. This is significantly lower than the average table salt, but different types and brands of sea salt can have varying amounts. It is best to choose unrefined sea salts, which have fewer additives and retain more of the trace minerals that are naturally occurring in coastal environments. The most effective way to reduce your sodium intake is to check the nutrition facts on labels and avoid high-sodium foods. Read the ingredient list, and look for the words “sodium,” “salt” or “NaCl.” You can also try to add more fresh herbs and spices to your dishes, as they tend to be lower in sodium than salt. With careful monitoring and some simple dietary swaps, you can reduce your sodium intake without sacrificing flavor. A few small changes can make a big difference, and you may be surprised to find that it is easier than you might think! Himalayan Pink SaltUnlike table salt, Himalayan pink salt is unrefined and contains a variety of trace minerals. These minerals give Himalayan pink salt its light pink tint and unique flavor. Himalayan pink salt is often used in place of regular table salt in cooking, and blocks of Himalayan pink salt are even sold as decorative home décor items, such as lamps and salt shakers.Some people claim that Himalayan pink salt has numerous health benefits, including promoting healthy skin and aiding sleep. However, very little research has been done on Himalayan pink salt, and these claims are largely based on speculation. One claim is that Himalayan pink salt can improve your skin by removing toxins and helping it stay hydrated. It also may help with acne by balancing the pH level of your skin. However, it is important to consult with your Ayurvedic doctor or dermatologist before trying Himalayan pink salt on your skin. Himalayan pink salt reportedly contains a variety of trace minerals, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iodine. It is possible that these minerals are more beneficial to the body than sodium chloride. However, the body needs very small amounts of salt to function properly, so it is important to consume only as much as is necessary. Consuming too much salt can have a number of negative side effects, such as high blood pressure and an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Those with heart or kidney problems should also limit their intake of salt. Regardless of which type of salt you choose to use, it is still important to check the nutrition label on packaged foods and to avoid those that contain excess sodium. The recommended daily amount of sodium for adults is less than 2,300 mg per day. You can control how much sodium you eat by using an accurate measuring spoon or scale, choosing low-sodium foods and reading the nutrition label on food packaging. It is also helpful to limit your consumption of processed foods, such as canned soups and vegetables, breads, and snacks, and to eat at restaurants that serve fresh ingredients instead of those that use a lot of salt. Measuring ToolsSalt measuring tools can be very useful for keeping track of sodium consumption. Some are very portable and easy to use. Others can be used to measure the concentration of other minerals in liquids such as water, juice, and milk. These measuring devices detect the presence of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) and convert their conductivity into the concentration of salt. This allows users to accurately assess the salt content of any liquid.Recipes with lower levels of sodium It is recommended that individuals reduce their sodium intake in order to stay within healthy guidelines. Increasing salt intake can increase the risk of hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. Eating too much salt also contributes to weight gain and can make it difficult to maintain a balanced diet. There are many ways that people can reduce their sodium intake and keep it below the recommended limit. These include choosing unsalted foods, reducing the amount of processed foods in their diet, and avoiding adding extra salt to food while cooking or at the table. Another helpful strategy for reducing sodium consumption is to read nutrition labels. Most packaged foods will have the sodium content listed on the label in milligrams. The amount of sodium in a food can be found in the ingredient list as well, and it is important to note that some foods contain different amounts of sodium even if they are made by the same manufacturer. It is also possible to find low-sodium versions of many of the most popular food products. In fact, it is common for similar US foods to have lower levels of sodium when sold in other countries. Some people may also choose to use natural seasoning blends that do not contain salt instead of traditional table salt. Keeping a food journal is another way that people can keep tabs on their sodium intake. This will allow them to see how much sodium they are consuming over the course of a day and help them make adjustments accordingly. The more that an individual knows about sodium, the better they will be able to manage their intake and maintain a healthy lifestyle. #angelolandi #angelolandi #chefangelolandi |
2023.06.01 04:51 huntercunning [WTS] Holosun, Scalarworks, BCM, Radian, BAD, S&W. Salty.
Timestamp: https://imgur.com/a/wX7GkYO
Selling multiple items. Album attached. All items are price as listed shipped OBO. https://imgur.com/a/Lbf9YiF
submitted by huntercunning to GunAccessoriesForSale [link] [comments]
Selling multiple items. Album attached. All items are price as listed shipped OBO. https://imgur.com/a/Lbf9YiF
- Holosun 507C X2 $250
- Holosun 407C $180
- Scalarworks 1.54 (lower 1/3rd) mount. RMR footprint. $90
- BCM BCG. Something like <500 rounds through it. $150
- Radian Talon 45/90. FDE. $45
- BAD 45/90 safety selector (Old model) $45
- S&W M&P 2.0 Compact (4.0") barrel. something like 1500 rounds through it. $50
2023.06.01 04:07 Specialist_Test6540 Just 5 stocks including Nvidia account for 96% of the S&P 500’s gains this year
 | submitted by Specialist_Test6540 to the_everything_bubble [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 04:01 solution8949 💯신뢰의 바이낸스 차트. 📳간단한 인증 절차. 〽찾아보기 힘든 레버리지 구조. 🇰🇷한국어지원. 💹지금 바로 도전하세요!! ➡ www.bit-sample.com 💜임대/레퍼럴 문의 ➡ 텔레그램💚 : @bns1042
 | submitted by solution8949 to u/solution8949 [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 03:57 pm_me_curelom_pics 1 DTE SPX Strangle - Month 1
 | First post here and maybe my last...I guess we'll see. After a few decades as a buy and hold guy, I've decided to give options a chance. I have a spotted history selling CC and an occasion long call, but never traded options with any regularity. submitted by pm_me_curelom_pics to thetagang [link] [comments] I'm a big fan of financialindependence and was inspired to give this a try after reading Big ERN's blog. The strategy is a modified version of the Big ERN / Trade busters SPX strangle. I tried a couple naked puts the first few days at a lower delta, but I've settled on 15D puts and 5-7D calls. I have stops set to exit but realized after the 5/11 loss it was set too conservatively. My stop triggered right after open. Had it not hit the stop prematurely, the position would have expired safely OTM. I adjusted the stops to 4x the total the daily credit for the time. I also have wings on both sides making this technically an IC, but I'm aiming for nickel wings that really only add a small safety cushion by defining max loss in a black swan event. The plan for the next 6 months to year is to run one short position on each side of the strangle. After I have a bit more confidence, I'll consider increasing leverage and possibly trading as a ratio. Questions for those of you who may have more experience with a similar scheme:
|
2023.06.01 03:54 BlueJaysBaseball Postgame Thread: May 31 - Milwaukee Brewers @ Toronto Blue Jays
Line Score - Game Over
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E | LOB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIL | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 7 |
| TOR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 5 |
Box Score
| TOR | AB | R | H | RBI | BB | SO | BA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DH | Springer | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .255 |
| SS | Bichette | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .333 |
| 1B | Guerrero Jr. | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .286 |
| LF | Varsho | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .213 |
| 3B | Chapman, M | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .288 |
| 2B | Merrifield | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .289 |
| C | Kirk | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .254 |
| RF | Biggio | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | .185 |
| CF | Kiermaier | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | .319 |
| TOR | IP | H | R | ER | BB | SO | P-S | ERA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manoah | 4.0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 89-59 | 5.46 |
| Richards, T | 2.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25-18 | 3.38 |
| Mayza | 0.2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19-12 | 1.83 |
| Cimber | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19-14 | 4.20 |
| Bass | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18-10 | 4.26 |
| MIL | AB | R | H | RBI | BB | SO | BA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LF | Yelich | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | .251 |
| 2B | Miller, O | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | .331 |
| 1B | Tellez | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .244 |
| DH | Contreras, Wm | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | .247 |
| 3B | Anderson, B | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | .239 |
| 3B | Toro | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | .500 |
| RF | Taylor, T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .167 |
| SS | Turang | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .209 |
| C | Caratini | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .215 |
| CF | Wiemer | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .195 |
| MIL | IP | H | R | ER | BB | SO | P-S | ERA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teheran | 6.0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79-52 | 0.82 |
| Payamps | 1.0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 21-13 | 2.39 |
| Strzelecki | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11-7 | 4.01 |
| Williams, D | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15-8 | 0.51 |
Scoring Plays
Highlights
| Description | Length | Video |
|---|---|---|
| Bullpen availability for Milwaukee, May 31 vs Blue Jays | 0:07 | Video |
| Bullpen availability for Toronto, May 31 vs Brewers | 0:07 | Video |
| Fielding alignment for Milwaukee, May 31 vs Blue Jays | 0:11 | Video |
| Starting lineups for Brewers at Blue Jays - May 31, 2023 | 0:09 | Video |
| Abraham Toro: Home Run Statcast Analysis | 0:14 | Video |
| Analyzing Abraham Toro's home run through bat tracking | 0:09 | Video |
| Breaking down Alek Manoah's pitches | 0:08 | Video |
| Breaking down Julio Teheran's pitches | 0:08 | Video |
| Julio Teheran's outing against the Blue Jays | 0:25 | Video |
| Abraham Toro smacks a two-run home run to right field | 0:26 | Video |
| Alek Manoah fans Contreras to end the top of the 3rd | 0:11 | Video |
| Kevin Kiermaier dunks an RBI triple to left field | 0:24 | Video |
| Vladimir Guerrero Jr. flips glove to first for out | 0:29 | Video |
| Owen Miller laces a two-run double to left field | 0:29 | Video |
| Joey Wiemer steals third base after review in the 7th | 0:29 | Video |
| Cavan Biggio grounds out to plate a run in the 7th | 0:17 | Video |
| Julio Teheran goes six strong innings | 0:11 | Video |
Decisions
| Winning Pitcher | Losing Pitcher | Save |
|---|---|---|
| Teheran (1-1, 0.82 ERA) | Manoah (1-6, 5.46 ERA) | Williams, D (9 SV, 0.51 ERA) |
2023.06.01 03:54 BrewersBot Postgame Thread: 5/31 Brewers @ Blue Jays
Line Score - Game Over
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E | LOB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIL | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 7 |
| TOR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 5 |
Box Score
| TOR | AB | R | H | RBI | BB | SO | BA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DH | Springer | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .255 |
| SS | Bichette | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .333 |
| 1B | Guerrero Jr. | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .286 |
| LF | Varsho | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .213 |
| 3B | Chapman, M | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .288 |
| 2B | Merrifield | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .289 |
| C | Kirk | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .254 |
| RF | Biggio | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | .185 |
| CF | Kiermaier | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | .319 |
| TOR | IP | H | R | ER | BB | SO | P-S | ERA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manoah | 4.0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 89-59 | 5.46 |
| Richards, T | 2.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25-18 | 3.38 |
| Mayza | 0.2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19-12 | 1.83 |
| Cimber | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19-14 | 4.20 |
| Bass | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18-10 | 4.26 |
| MIL | AB | R | H | RBI | BB | SO | BA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LF | Yelich | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | .251 |
| 2B | Miller, O | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | .331 |
| 1B | Tellez | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .244 |
| DH | Contreras, Wm | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | .247 |
| 3B | Anderson, B | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | .239 |
| 3B | Toro | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | .500 |
| RF | Taylor, T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .167 |
| SS | Turang | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .209 |
| C | Caratini | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .215 |
| CF | Wiemer | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | .195 |
| MIL | IP | H | R | ER | BB | SO | P-S | ERA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teheran | 6.0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79-52 | 0.82 |
| Payamps | 1.0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 21-13 | 2.39 |
| Strzelecki | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11-7 | 4.01 |
| Williams, D | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15-8 | 0.51 |
Scoring Plays
Highlights
| Description | Length | Video |
|---|---|---|
| Bullpen availability for Milwaukee, May 31 vs Blue Jays | 0:07 | Video |
| Bullpen availability for Toronto, May 31 vs Brewers | 0:07 | Video |
| Fielding alignment for Milwaukee, May 31 vs Blue Jays | 0:11 | Video |
| Starting lineups for Brewers at Blue Jays - May 31, 2023 | 0:09 | Video |
| Abraham Toro: Home Run Statcast Analysis | 0:14 | Video |
| Analyzing Abraham Toro's home run through bat tracking | 0:09 | Video |
| Breaking down Alek Manoah's pitches | 0:08 | Video |
| Breaking down Julio Teheran's pitches | 0:08 | Video |
| Julio Teheran's outing against the Blue Jays | 0:25 | Video |
| Abraham Toro smacks a two-run home run to right field | 0:26 | Video |
| Alek Manoah fans Contreras to end the top of the 3rd | 0:11 | Video |
| Kevin Kiermaier dunks an RBI triple to left field | 0:24 | Video |
| Vladimir Guerrero Jr. flips glove to first for out | 0:29 | Video |
| Owen Miller laces a two-run double to left field | 0:29 | Video |
| Joey Wiemer steals third base after review in the 7th | 0:29 | Video |
| Cavan Biggio grounds out to plate a run in the 7th | 0:17 | Video |
| Julio Teheran goes six strong innings | 0:11 | Video |
Decisions
| Winning Pitcher | Losing Pitcher | Save |
|---|---|---|
| Teheran (1-1, 0.82 ERA) | Manoah (1-6, 5.46 ERA) | Williams, D (9 SV, 0.51 ERA) |
2023.06.01 03:47 AmmericanSoviet Trying to figure out how to calculate the heigh of a rocket when its fuel burns out. Any advice?
 | submitted by AmmericanSoviet to KerbalSpaceProgram [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 03:44 AlfredoThayerMahan Beyond the Lightspeed Horizon: Carrier Doctrine in a Galaxy Far Far Away
Between May 4th and May 8th 1942, the first naval battle that occurred beyond the visual horizon took place. While the Battle of The Coral Sea was somewhat indecisive, with both the Japanese and Americans seeing significant losses although the Japanese largely ceded the body of water thereafter, the kind of engagement it typified bears remembrance, one where neither side directly sighted each-other with surface vessels. You cannot hit what you cannot see, a lesson the Japanese learned all too well a month later near a small sandy dot called “Midway”.
Eighty years hence and the lesson remains the same. It doesn’t matter how impressive or unstoppable your weapon is, if you do not know what you are shooting at, it is useless. Where in the past scout planes would make visual contact with the enemy, tools like RORSATs, NOSS, SOSUS*, Over The Horizon and Synthetic Aperture Radars, and more have become the staple for detecting, classifying, and tracking contacts.
The mistake common among most people and even military enthusiasts is to assume the greatest weapon a carrier has in its defense is its fighters. Consider the Survivability Onion (not pictured). While this statement can be somewhat true, from a certain point of view, the carrier’s ability to detect the threat via their AWACS**, and the ability to attack beyond the visual horizon is its greatest defense. Both of these steps allow the Carrier to remain hidden. In most cases it is fairly easy to track a Battleship that has come to shell you. Even if it is doing so beyond the horizon, counter-battery radar can give you a good picture of its location just based on the trajectory of its shells, potentially good enough to fire a spread of anti-ship missiles at it. By using deceptive return paths, a carrier can make such tracking more difficult, not to mention more dangerous with a CAP***.
To remain hidden is what keeps ships alive. Spaceborne ISR**** platforms have stripped this fog of war back somewhat, but the basic concept of the horizon is critical to understanding how to utilize carriers in Star Wars.
*Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite, Naval Ocean Surveillance System, a series of passive electronic intelligence satellites, and Sound Ocean Surveillance System, a series of hydrophones for detecting ships and submarines.
**Airborne early Warning and Control System
*** Combat Air Patrol
****Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Putting the “A” in “CVA”
There are a number of real-life carrier doctrines to consider as each approached usage slightly differently. NATO nations, led by the United States, viewed the carrier as largely an offensive tool. Of the three major NATO carrier nations, the U.S., the U.K., and France, the U.K. would eventually lose it’s offensive capability with the retirement of the last of the Audacious and Centaur Class carriers and their Phantom and Buccaneer aircraft while France would maintain the offensive role of their carriers though to a more limited capacity due to simply having fewer of them. That being said, outside of the U.S. for much of the Cold War and early 21st century, carriers were largely used as a method of ASW and point-defense interception. For the Soviets this was their Kiev Class with Yak-38 and Yak-141 interceptors and rotary wing ASW and AWACs aircraft, meant to protect their SSBN Bastions from hounding P-3 Orions and NATO SSNs. Even the later Kuznetsov, if it ever actually works, is a defensive tool with the aircraft largely lacking in the capability to attack targets. For the Brits the effect of their transition was demonstrated in the Falklands where Harriers constituted much of their fleet air defense but lacked the range, speed, and loiter time to perform fully in the “Outer Air Battle” or to perform much in the way of strike or air support.
This difference is best illustrated by the designation American Fleet Carriers possessed for a time, CVA*, the “Attack” Carrier. CVA is not a physical change in an aircraft carrier, CVs were changed to CVAs and back again depending on era, rather it denotes its usage. This originated in early nuclear weapon doctrine where carriers were viewed as forward airfields to launch nuclear strikes into the Soviet Union. Later this evolved to attacking the SSBN Bastion in the Barents Sea along with targets on the Kola Peninsula with a similar arrangement with the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka Peninsula in the Pacific.
To further understand this, it is important to look at the kinds of aircraft used by the U.S. Carriers and Supercarriers, most importantly their attack aircraft. The first of the long-range attack trend was the AJ Savage, meant as the first dedicated carrier nuclear delivery platform, with a range longer than the B-25. This trend continued with other dedicated nuclear delivery platforms such as the A-3 Skywarrior and A-5 Vigilante, with notable exception in the small A-4 Skyhawk but a trend which culminated in the A-6 Intruder and later Tomcat Quickstrike proposal.
So why bother? Why should such long-range strike platforms be developed even if they are going to attack relatively coastal installations? Well the answer is simple. Range is the carrier’s best armor but it comes at a cost. The longer the range the less ordinance an aircraft can carry, needing external fuel tanks. Maybe they need buddy tankers which reduces your strike force. Either way you are doing less damage and hitting fewer point targets. By using larger aircraft you can compensate for this, not needing to sacrifice pylons for fuel stores. At the same time by being far away you are harder to detect and engage. Both by shore installations and by reconnaissance aircraft. If they can only search X number of square kilometers per hour, by increasing that area you reduce the likelihood of being found by simple probability. With that kind of safety a carrier can be used in a high-intensity offensive capacity without undue risk to it. Sure, you could load up a Harrier with drop tanks and daisy chain buddy tankers to achieve the same range as an A-6 but the A-6 could probably do it without needing to sacrifice much in terms of payload, of which it carries far more and without or with only limited tankers support, freeing up more aircraft to carry out tasks. One is a gimmick, the other is an offensive tool.
*CVA is not a U.S. exclusive term, indeed the ill-fated British CVA-01 program bore the same designator.
Hyperspace: The Great Equalizer
In Star Wars, starfighters have two clear categories. Those with hyperdrives and those without. A starfighter with a hyperdrive is much like a long-range aircraft such as an F-14 or A-6, even if the crew requirements and footprint are nothing alike. An A-Wing has more in common with a Tomcat in this respect than a Tie-Bomber does, even if the Tie-Bomber was loaded up with anti-starfighter missiles. Those without hyperdrives are your Harriers or Yak-38 equivalents, limited in range and largely relegated to point defense.
Hyperspace creates a horizon behind which a carrier can hide. Simply a jump or two away and off the major hyperspace lanes, and they are beyond sensors and effectively untouchable unless the enemy has thousands of probes to search every nook and cranny you may have hidden. At the same time, if the carrier has hyperspace capable starfighters they have the ability to hit any given target within a fairly massive bubble with impunity and with a relatively low transit time. Conversely, if you were to use spacecraft without hyperdrives to attack a target you would leave the carrier detectable and thus vulnerable to attack by the enemy, losing the greatest advantage of a carrier: its stealth.
Consequently this is why hybrid Carrier-Battleship approaches in real life and in Sci-Fi generally fall short. To act as a Battleship, the Carrier gives up its stealth. There is a minor exception where the fighters are used to augment the air-defense of the "Battle-Carrier" rather than as offensive tools but this is the exception that makes the rule. Ironically, this exception makes the TIE fighter a good design for the Imperial Class to carry as the Star Destroyer doesn’t lose much by getting within detection range of a target while having smaller and cheaper starfighters to augment its air-defense.
To properly utilize a dedicated carrier with Hyperspace technology, not only should they be at the back of the formation, but the carriers should be completely disconnected from the ongoing conventional battle, operating in an entirely different region of space.
The Air Defense Problem
In real life the air defense of a battlegroup can largely be divided into three sections.
First is the outer air battle. This task is carried out by the Defensive Counter-Air Combat Air Patrol (DCA-CAP) ranged out along the threat axis to destroy the enemy force before they either detect the Battlegroup or get within their weapons employment zone. This task is supplemented by extremely long-range Surface to Air Missiles such as SM-6, with several Cold War programs going so far as to propose a Surface-to-Air Boost-Glide Vehicle (LORAINE) to hit scouting aircraft at over 500 nautical miles away. Additionally use of SAM traps, ships that are not emitting and have targeting cued off of other platforms such as fighters and AWACs, further supplements the use of fighters in this theater of operations. Obviously these SAM platforms are at risk but the most valuable unit of a battlegroup is the carrier so the potential sacrifice of one is seen as a worthwhile trade if it can break an incoming raid.
Moving on we have the inner air battle, or area air-defense, which is within detection range by the enemy force and typically within their weapon employment zones. This is handled by the fighters that are assigned to point-defense and by the medium range SAM systems such as RIM-66 and earlier versions of RIM-67*, SM-2MR and SM-2ER respectively. Oftentimes this is typically engaging weapons such as incoming anti-ship missiles.
Finally is the point-defense arena where weapons such as CIWS and ESSM take play and is exclusively, with a few exceptions, dedicated to engaging incoming weapons and largely centered around the self-protection of the ship in question.
The ranges for these engagement envelopes are highly dependent, variable based on range of enemy detection, range of your own sensors, range of weapons, and other factors.
Star Wars complicates the matters somewhat with how Hyperspace interferes with the situation. For this we must first divide the situation into two independent bubbles of space. First is the space around the enemy installation, ship, carrier, etc, and second is the space around your own battlegroup.
In general, the entirety of your own bubble of space is the “inner-air battle”. In this area your point-defense fighters can engage the enemy along with most of your defensive systems depending on how you interpret the range of weapons in Star Wars. At the same time the enemy can detect you and there’s a good chance you are within their own weapons employment zone if you can hit them.
So where is the “outer-air battle” in this scenario? Well that’s complicated. Typically the thinking is that you intercept the enemy force as they try to make their way to you. The problem is, in Star Wars this is impossible to do in hyperspace without specific tools. This tool is an Interdictor vessel. Such a vessel, if placed along the threat axis, would prematurely pull the enemy force out of hyperspace, allowing you to engage with your own hyperspace capable fighters while not putting your own force at risk. Of course the Interdictor is at risk, much like the AAW ship in a SAM trap but that is a calculated risk that must be made to force an engagement that isn’t ideal for the enemy.
There is an obvious issue with this usage. You don’t know where the enemy force is going to come from if they are willing to probe around for alternative hyperspace routings. This makes your chances of actually intercepting them exceedingly low as they aren’t really operating on limited fuel unless you’re engaging forces halfway across the Galaxy and even then it would be easy to take other hyperspace routes to avoid your interdictor screen. So, with general standoff defensive measures void, logically the best defense in case of a Raid Warning is to simply go to hyperspace and make a couple jumps to a pre-planned secondary or tertiary location thus voiding any targeting information provided by the enemy ISR. In this respect detection of a carrier group would be hard but pinning them and attacking them if an Interdictor isn’t immediately available is basically impossible.
As a result the traditional Outer-Air Battle, in the vast expanses of space between the enemy airbase and your own carrier, doesn’t really have the opportunity to take place. However, there is one place you know the enemy force will be, around their own carriers/airbase. This is the equivalent of a U.S. carrier force sending F-14s to blast Backfires over the Kola Peninsula. Not impossible but generally ill-advised as now the enemy can use all their fighters, long-range and point-defense while you only have access to your long-range fighters.
At this point, if you are getting that close to the enemy you might as well engage their carriers to more efficiently destroy their strike generation capability. This turns the Defensive Counter-Air (Counter-space? IDK, I’m going to stick with the Earthling lingo) mission into an Offensive Counter-Air mission where you compensate for your lower numbers by hitting them on the ground or in the ship. This divides yourself into two kinds of engagements. First is protecting your own fleet before they get to hyperspace and second is to attack and destroy the enemy fleet before they go to hyperspace.
This gets to the problem of invading or for that matter, defending a planet. If you park your carrier in a planet’s orbit you are reducing the volume you could be into a tiny pinprick, you’ve basically done half the enemy’s targeting for them. Even worse, depending on how close you are, you may not be able to go to hyperspace immediately, meaning that disengagement could be impossible at the worst time. You may as well have a land base as at least that would be more survivable in the kinetic sense and be easier to work on than a ship.
*Later versions of the RIM-67 and the RIM-156 (also designated SM-2ER though this was launched from the Mk-41 VLS instead of the older twin-arm launchers that the RIM-67 used), would employ active radar and terminal IR seekers. This allowed engagement beyond the horizon against low-flying targets based on cuing by AWACs, potentially into the range where it would fall into the Outer Air Battle.
Conclusions:
Hyperspace creates a unique set of circumstances that make offensive action against fixed positions/fleets very easy while making mobile and evasive battlegroups very difficult to engage. This sort of doctrine is best seen in the Rebel Alliance and their employment of hyperspace capable fighters, striking with relative impunity at Imperial targets without risking their major fleet assets. There is no reason this cannot scale up to major Galactic powers as it provides a disproportionate offensive and defensive capability for the practitioners of the doctrine.
submitted by AlfredoThayerMahan to MawInstallation [link] [comments]
Eighty years hence and the lesson remains the same. It doesn’t matter how impressive or unstoppable your weapon is, if you do not know what you are shooting at, it is useless. Where in the past scout planes would make visual contact with the enemy, tools like RORSATs, NOSS, SOSUS*, Over The Horizon and Synthetic Aperture Radars, and more have become the staple for detecting, classifying, and tracking contacts.
The mistake common among most people and even military enthusiasts is to assume the greatest weapon a carrier has in its defense is its fighters. Consider the Survivability Onion (not pictured). While this statement can be somewhat true, from a certain point of view, the carrier’s ability to detect the threat via their AWACS**, and the ability to attack beyond the visual horizon is its greatest defense. Both of these steps allow the Carrier to remain hidden. In most cases it is fairly easy to track a Battleship that has come to shell you. Even if it is doing so beyond the horizon, counter-battery radar can give you a good picture of its location just based on the trajectory of its shells, potentially good enough to fire a spread of anti-ship missiles at it. By using deceptive return paths, a carrier can make such tracking more difficult, not to mention more dangerous with a CAP***.
To remain hidden is what keeps ships alive. Spaceborne ISR**** platforms have stripped this fog of war back somewhat, but the basic concept of the horizon is critical to understanding how to utilize carriers in Star Wars.
*Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite, Naval Ocean Surveillance System, a series of passive electronic intelligence satellites, and Sound Ocean Surveillance System, a series of hydrophones for detecting ships and submarines.
**Airborne early Warning and Control System
*** Combat Air Patrol
****Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Putting the “A” in “CVA”
There are a number of real-life carrier doctrines to consider as each approached usage slightly differently. NATO nations, led by the United States, viewed the carrier as largely an offensive tool. Of the three major NATO carrier nations, the U.S., the U.K., and France, the U.K. would eventually lose it’s offensive capability with the retirement of the last of the Audacious and Centaur Class carriers and their Phantom and Buccaneer aircraft while France would maintain the offensive role of their carriers though to a more limited capacity due to simply having fewer of them. That being said, outside of the U.S. for much of the Cold War and early 21st century, carriers were largely used as a method of ASW and point-defense interception. For the Soviets this was their Kiev Class with Yak-38 and Yak-141 interceptors and rotary wing ASW and AWACs aircraft, meant to protect their SSBN Bastions from hounding P-3 Orions and NATO SSNs. Even the later Kuznetsov, if it ever actually works, is a defensive tool with the aircraft largely lacking in the capability to attack targets. For the Brits the effect of their transition was demonstrated in the Falklands where Harriers constituted much of their fleet air defense but lacked the range, speed, and loiter time to perform fully in the “Outer Air Battle” or to perform much in the way of strike or air support.
This difference is best illustrated by the designation American Fleet Carriers possessed for a time, CVA*, the “Attack” Carrier. CVA is not a physical change in an aircraft carrier, CVs were changed to CVAs and back again depending on era, rather it denotes its usage. This originated in early nuclear weapon doctrine where carriers were viewed as forward airfields to launch nuclear strikes into the Soviet Union. Later this evolved to attacking the SSBN Bastion in the Barents Sea along with targets on the Kola Peninsula with a similar arrangement with the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamchatka Peninsula in the Pacific.
To further understand this, it is important to look at the kinds of aircraft used by the U.S. Carriers and Supercarriers, most importantly their attack aircraft. The first of the long-range attack trend was the AJ Savage, meant as the first dedicated carrier nuclear delivery platform, with a range longer than the B-25. This trend continued with other dedicated nuclear delivery platforms such as the A-3 Skywarrior and A-5 Vigilante, with notable exception in the small A-4 Skyhawk but a trend which culminated in the A-6 Intruder and later Tomcat Quickstrike proposal.
So why bother? Why should such long-range strike platforms be developed even if they are going to attack relatively coastal installations? Well the answer is simple. Range is the carrier’s best armor but it comes at a cost. The longer the range the less ordinance an aircraft can carry, needing external fuel tanks. Maybe they need buddy tankers which reduces your strike force. Either way you are doing less damage and hitting fewer point targets. By using larger aircraft you can compensate for this, not needing to sacrifice pylons for fuel stores. At the same time by being far away you are harder to detect and engage. Both by shore installations and by reconnaissance aircraft. If they can only search X number of square kilometers per hour, by increasing that area you reduce the likelihood of being found by simple probability. With that kind of safety a carrier can be used in a high-intensity offensive capacity without undue risk to it. Sure, you could load up a Harrier with drop tanks and daisy chain buddy tankers to achieve the same range as an A-6 but the A-6 could probably do it without needing to sacrifice much in terms of payload, of which it carries far more and without or with only limited tankers support, freeing up more aircraft to carry out tasks. One is a gimmick, the other is an offensive tool.
*CVA is not a U.S. exclusive term, indeed the ill-fated British CVA-01 program bore the same designator.
Hyperspace: The Great Equalizer
In Star Wars, starfighters have two clear categories. Those with hyperdrives and those without. A starfighter with a hyperdrive is much like a long-range aircraft such as an F-14 or A-6, even if the crew requirements and footprint are nothing alike. An A-Wing has more in common with a Tomcat in this respect than a Tie-Bomber does, even if the Tie-Bomber was loaded up with anti-starfighter missiles. Those without hyperdrives are your Harriers or Yak-38 equivalents, limited in range and largely relegated to point defense.
Hyperspace creates a horizon behind which a carrier can hide. Simply a jump or two away and off the major hyperspace lanes, and they are beyond sensors and effectively untouchable unless the enemy has thousands of probes to search every nook and cranny you may have hidden. At the same time, if the carrier has hyperspace capable starfighters they have the ability to hit any given target within a fairly massive bubble with impunity and with a relatively low transit time. Conversely, if you were to use spacecraft without hyperdrives to attack a target you would leave the carrier detectable and thus vulnerable to attack by the enemy, losing the greatest advantage of a carrier: its stealth.
Consequently this is why hybrid Carrier-Battleship approaches in real life and in Sci-Fi generally fall short. To act as a Battleship, the Carrier gives up its stealth. There is a minor exception where the fighters are used to augment the air-defense of the "Battle-Carrier" rather than as offensive tools but this is the exception that makes the rule. Ironically, this exception makes the TIE fighter a good design for the Imperial Class to carry as the Star Destroyer doesn’t lose much by getting within detection range of a target while having smaller and cheaper starfighters to augment its air-defense.
To properly utilize a dedicated carrier with Hyperspace technology, not only should they be at the back of the formation, but the carriers should be completely disconnected from the ongoing conventional battle, operating in an entirely different region of space.
The Air Defense Problem
In real life the air defense of a battlegroup can largely be divided into three sections.
First is the outer air battle. This task is carried out by the Defensive Counter-Air Combat Air Patrol (DCA-CAP) ranged out along the threat axis to destroy the enemy force before they either detect the Battlegroup or get within their weapons employment zone. This task is supplemented by extremely long-range Surface to Air Missiles such as SM-6, with several Cold War programs going so far as to propose a Surface-to-Air Boost-Glide Vehicle (LORAINE) to hit scouting aircraft at over 500 nautical miles away. Additionally use of SAM traps, ships that are not emitting and have targeting cued off of other platforms such as fighters and AWACs, further supplements the use of fighters in this theater of operations. Obviously these SAM platforms are at risk but the most valuable unit of a battlegroup is the carrier so the potential sacrifice of one is seen as a worthwhile trade if it can break an incoming raid.
Moving on we have the inner air battle, or area air-defense, which is within detection range by the enemy force and typically within their weapon employment zones. This is handled by the fighters that are assigned to point-defense and by the medium range SAM systems such as RIM-66 and earlier versions of RIM-67*, SM-2MR and SM-2ER respectively. Oftentimes this is typically engaging weapons such as incoming anti-ship missiles.
Finally is the point-defense arena where weapons such as CIWS and ESSM take play and is exclusively, with a few exceptions, dedicated to engaging incoming weapons and largely centered around the self-protection of the ship in question.
The ranges for these engagement envelopes are highly dependent, variable based on range of enemy detection, range of your own sensors, range of weapons, and other factors.
Star Wars complicates the matters somewhat with how Hyperspace interferes with the situation. For this we must first divide the situation into two independent bubbles of space. First is the space around the enemy installation, ship, carrier, etc, and second is the space around your own battlegroup.
In general, the entirety of your own bubble of space is the “inner-air battle”. In this area your point-defense fighters can engage the enemy along with most of your defensive systems depending on how you interpret the range of weapons in Star Wars. At the same time the enemy can detect you and there’s a good chance you are within their own weapons employment zone if you can hit them.
So where is the “outer-air battle” in this scenario? Well that’s complicated. Typically the thinking is that you intercept the enemy force as they try to make their way to you. The problem is, in Star Wars this is impossible to do in hyperspace without specific tools. This tool is an Interdictor vessel. Such a vessel, if placed along the threat axis, would prematurely pull the enemy force out of hyperspace, allowing you to engage with your own hyperspace capable fighters while not putting your own force at risk. Of course the Interdictor is at risk, much like the AAW ship in a SAM trap but that is a calculated risk that must be made to force an engagement that isn’t ideal for the enemy.
There is an obvious issue with this usage. You don’t know where the enemy force is going to come from if they are willing to probe around for alternative hyperspace routings. This makes your chances of actually intercepting them exceedingly low as they aren’t really operating on limited fuel unless you’re engaging forces halfway across the Galaxy and even then it would be easy to take other hyperspace routes to avoid your interdictor screen. So, with general standoff defensive measures void, logically the best defense in case of a Raid Warning is to simply go to hyperspace and make a couple jumps to a pre-planned secondary or tertiary location thus voiding any targeting information provided by the enemy ISR. In this respect detection of a carrier group would be hard but pinning them and attacking them if an Interdictor isn’t immediately available is basically impossible.
As a result the traditional Outer-Air Battle, in the vast expanses of space between the enemy airbase and your own carrier, doesn’t really have the opportunity to take place. However, there is one place you know the enemy force will be, around their own carriers/airbase. This is the equivalent of a U.S. carrier force sending F-14s to blast Backfires over the Kola Peninsula. Not impossible but generally ill-advised as now the enemy can use all their fighters, long-range and point-defense while you only have access to your long-range fighters.
At this point, if you are getting that close to the enemy you might as well engage their carriers to more efficiently destroy their strike generation capability. This turns the Defensive Counter-Air (Counter-space? IDK, I’m going to stick with the Earthling lingo) mission into an Offensive Counter-Air mission where you compensate for your lower numbers by hitting them on the ground or in the ship. This divides yourself into two kinds of engagements. First is protecting your own fleet before they get to hyperspace and second is to attack and destroy the enemy fleet before they go to hyperspace.
This gets to the problem of invading or for that matter, defending a planet. If you park your carrier in a planet’s orbit you are reducing the volume you could be into a tiny pinprick, you’ve basically done half the enemy’s targeting for them. Even worse, depending on how close you are, you may not be able to go to hyperspace immediately, meaning that disengagement could be impossible at the worst time. You may as well have a land base as at least that would be more survivable in the kinetic sense and be easier to work on than a ship.
*Later versions of the RIM-67 and the RIM-156 (also designated SM-2ER though this was launched from the Mk-41 VLS instead of the older twin-arm launchers that the RIM-67 used), would employ active radar and terminal IR seekers. This allowed engagement beyond the horizon against low-flying targets based on cuing by AWACs, potentially into the range where it would fall into the Outer Air Battle.
Conclusions:
Hyperspace creates a unique set of circumstances that make offensive action against fixed positions/fleets very easy while making mobile and evasive battlegroups very difficult to engage. This sort of doctrine is best seen in the Rebel Alliance and their employment of hyperspace capable fighters, striking with relative impunity at Imperial targets without risking their major fleet assets. There is no reason this cannot scale up to major Galactic powers as it provides a disproportionate offensive and defensive capability for the practitioners of the doctrine.
2023.06.01 03:35 Used-Ask5805 My trash 9. But best this season
 | Just started almost exactly one year ago Shot a 90 once last sept. Trying to get out of the 100s again and had my first 50. submitted by Used-Ask5805 to golf [link] [comments] Really pumped over the last 2 holes 9 is over water as well. Blasted my trusty 9wood onto the green for a 2 putt. Idk where I’m going with this post. But here it is. |
2023.06.01 03:23 ACME_Product Why is the Evo in Underground 2 SO BAD?
So, the thing is, we know the Corolla in NFSU2 is the best car in that game BY FAR, right? Well, that isn't because of just being a perfectly balanced car IRL. Developers did make it OP on purpose. Messing around with the NFSU2 Configurator by Greeve X & POPSul i found out the Corolla isn't just the only car in the game with Rear-bias weight distribution. It has the lowest front weight, which is perfect for cornering. It also is the car with the second lowest centre of gravity in the entire game(suspension bracket section on the configurator), the first being the Navigator, ROFL... Not only that, but it is by far the car with the biggest proportion of rear wheel diameter compared to the front wheel. This makes the car sit higher at the back, which in this game makes cars accelerate faster for some reason. Then add a pretty high power to weight ratio helped by the massive turbo boost and you have a killer machine that is unbeatable by any other car in the game(not even RX7 comes close). Why did i mention all this things? Turns out, the Evo is quite the opposite of the Corolla. Weight distribution is a terrible 60% front, suspension bracket is THE SECOND HIGHEST of all cars in the game (excluding the Hummer,the very close first place). To that add the fact the Stage 3 turbo makes a miserable 110Nm of boost, and that gives it a pathetic P/W Ratio. This is idiotic, as the Stage 3 turbo on the Eclipse which has THE SAME ENGINE as the Evo, makes 180Nm of boost, the Eclipse makes more power having 500 RPM less of engine speed than the evo... So, my conclusion is that, for some reason, someone on the team of programmers must have really hated the Evo. Which is a shame as this is one of the best NFS games concerning realistic mechanics, and it's unacceptable that they made what should have been to be one of the best cars in the game have such a terrible performance.
P.S.: The game also has no air resistance, making a car like the Corolla lack an OBVIOUS disadvantage it has over most cars except SUV's...
submitted by ACME_Product to needforspeed [link] [comments]
P.S.: The game also has no air resistance, making a car like the Corolla lack an OBVIOUS disadvantage it has over most cars except SUV's...
2023.06.01 03:05 Public-Situation2966 My team power is 154k however this has me down as 119k pwr meaning I miss out on the plasma player. Anyone know why??
 | submitted by Public-Situation2966 to NBA2KMOBILE_ [link] [comments] |
2023.06.01 03:00 Character-Essay-8802 What is the Vanguard S&P 500 Admiral Share
 | submitted by Character-Essay-8802 to staythecourse [link] [comments] |