Dental associates of florida bartow
SpaceGhostPurrp Tweets
2021.03.08 23:52 kenzj782 SpaceGhostPurrp Tweets
Markese Money Rolle, known professionally as SpaceGhostPurrp, is an American rapper and record producer from Miami, Florida. He was the founder of the American hip hop group Raider Klan. Famous Raider Klan members and associates include Denzel Curry, Robb Banks, Chris Travis, Yung Simmie, and Xavier Wulf.
2021.02.18 05:05 posiposi52 SpaceGhostPurrp
Markese Money Rolle, known professionally as SpaceGhostPurrp, is an American rapper and record producer from Miami, Florida. He was the founder of the American hip hop group Raider Klan. Famous Raider Klan members and associates include Denzel Curry, Robb Banks, Chris Travis, Yung Simmie, and Xavier Wulf.
2015.08.05 22:08 amici_ursi Images of
The _Images of_ sub hub. Pictures and images of times and places
2023.06.02 13:55 WingifyEarth 🎉 Congratulations to our esteemed partner IMD and its Director-General, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, on his remarkable achievement!
 | 🌟 Dr. Mohapatra has been elected the 3rd Vice President of the World Meteorological Organization. 🌍🌤️ This is a momentous milestone that showcases his exceptional leadership and expertise in the field of meteorology. submitted by WingifyEarth to u/WingifyEarth [link] [comments] https://preview.redd.it/maaehpr2gl3b1.png?width=1080&format=png&auto=webp&s=4671c524b415998c341db18f2f82fa41a1bd5957 🙌 We are incredibly proud to be associated with IMD and its visionary team, who continue to push boundaries and contribute significantly to the global weather community. 🌪️⛈️ This recognition is a testament to their relentless dedication and commitment to advancing meteorological research and services worldwide. Wishing Mrutyunjay Mohapatra all the best in his new role as the 3rd VP of the World Meteorological Organization! #Congratulations #AchievementUnlocked #WorldMeteorologicalOrganization #IMD #Meteorology #Leadership #ProudPartner #Innovation #GlobalRecognition |
2023.06.02 13:54 scribbyshollow Megalithic sites and the atmospheric potential gradient (APG)
Recent scientific findings have come to support the claims of large megalithic structures acting as artificial gateways for the earths electrical energy. Not directly mind you but recent finding in the the field of "electrical ecology" have made some serious findings in the past few years that support these kinds of theories.
One in particular is the "telluric grid theory"
The Theory
"Before or during the last ice age a global culture existed on earth, not one that was in contact globally but rather a sort of globally practiced way of thinking and inherited traditions. Not a technologically advanced one like ours but one who fully understood nature and its machinations through centuries of observation. Inevitably this culture noticed static electricity and the natural electrical flows of the earth and the many energies that play out on and within it. Eventually they learned how to focus, control and interact with these energy flows like one could control the flow of water with a funnel or damn.
They did this by building giant megalithic structures know to us as pyramids and temples that were passed down from one generation to the next. The purpose of some of these original temples were to artificially alter the electrical environment and possibly use it to propagate plant and crop growth via electrical stimulation. Not to harness electricity for technological purposes but to act as a natural “spring” or dam to release and control electrical pressure and energy within the environment. They were constructed to focus energy in its many forms and possibly to bring about generation and regeneration of life around them by stimulating and focusing the earths natural electrical energy.
As you will see these pyramid building ancient cultures had a shared practice in the form of geomancy and used what they called "the geomantic act" to pick the right place to build their sacred structures and megaliths. This practice survives to this day in the form of Feng shui, the Chinese art of placement. This is gone over in the shared mythology section. We will also go over "electroreception" and its role in evolution and how animals and life in general interact with the earths various electric fields and energies.
They did this by constructing these temples attuned to nature and its processes. They had to be in the right place, the right height, the right shape, the correct angles and built from the right materials much like today's radio towers and wireless devices adhere to these same rules. Some of these places were even built with acoustic resonance in mind, being so precise that they could manipulate sound or transform one sound into another sound intentionally.This was accomplished by havbing them interact with the "atmospheric potential gradient" which we will cover the science of in a later section.
They used geomagnetic energy and electromagnetic energy via orientation and position and atmospheric static electricity gathered at an altitude which is called the atmospheric potential gradient. Combining all three to form a sort of electric funnel into/out of the earth. What they used this energy for is purely speculative however some information regarding their use has survived. The one thing that is clear about them is that these temples had multiple functions and purposes, the same as modern day generators having multiple purposes.
Over time they established more and more of these temples worldwide forming a sort of grid on the surface of the earth with them. A geomagnetic or telluric grid. This was either a worldwide grid to control the earths interior energy, using the various “stations” to control the overall pressure and flow of earths interior energies the same way lightning balances out the earths ionosphere and ground currents just artificially and less intensive. Or these temples were just sort of town centers that performed this task locally and not on a global scale.
They came about this knowledge from the ancient art known as Alchemy. An objective science that gave birth to modern chemistry and was practiced world wide for a large portion of human history. Alchemy gave them objective knowledge of energy, they may not have understood the technical details or specifics of energy but the ancient texts of alchemy make it very clear that they objectively understood energy in its various forms and how it behaved.
More importantly, this knowledge of energy and electricity was intricately hidden inside their teachings and texts by the use of symbology and other coded communication. This brings about the question of who exactly they were hiding this knowledge from and why? This theory asserts that powerful people of the past were hunting down this knowledge of energy and destroying it and anyone who knew of it. Destroying all traces of humanities ancient past and the things they discovered."
Here is some of the supporting evidence from a recent study that combined all the various islands of research into the ecology of electricity. Actually I would recommend everyone read this study as it is the first of its kind and the beginning of an new branch of science forming. These findings will and are already making science rethink about the role of electricity in ecology and the environment and how that is and has effected life. It is a mountain of text so I only included the beginning and end of it because of size limitations for posts.
Source - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12804
"ABSTRACT
Electricity, the interaction between electrically charged objects, is widely known to be fundamental to the functioning of living systems. However, this appreciation has largely been restricted to the scale of atoms, molecules, and cells. By contrast, the role of electricity at the ecological scale has historically been largely neglected, characterized by punctuated islands of research infrequently connected to one another. Recently, however, an understanding of the ubiquity of electrical forces within the natural environment has begun to grow, along with a realization of the multitude of ecological interactions that these forces may influence. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive collation and synthesis of research in this emerging field of electric ecology. This includes assessments of the role electricity plays in the natural ecology of predator–prey interactions, pollination, and animal dispersal, among many others, as well as the impact of anthropogenic activity on these systems. A detailed introduction to the ecology and physiology of electroreception – the biological detection of ecologically relevant electric fields – is also provided. Further to this, we suggest avenues for future research that show particular promise, most notably those investigating the recently discovered sense of aerial electroreception.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of the universe. Therefore, electromagnetic interactions inevitably influence the biotic world in a multitude of ways. There are two primary manifestations of electromagnetism: the magnetic field (magnetism), and the electric field (electricity); which when oscillating in synchronicity produce electromagnetic waves, i.e. light (Maxwell, 1865). For a summary and definition of the key electric and magnetic terminology used within this review, see Table 1. Whilst electromagnetic waves, and to some extent magnetic fields, have in many ways driven the rise and evolution of life on Earth, the influence of electric fields alone should not be understated.
Table 1. A list of electromagnetic terminology with associated definitions and SI units where applicable
Term Definition Units (if applicable) Charge A property possessed by some objects that allows them to create and interact with electric and magnetic fields. Opposite charges attract each other, whilst like charges repel each other. Coulombs (C)
Electricity The phenomena resulting from the interactions between charged objects. —
Electric field (electric field strength) The field around a charged object that will exert a force on other charged objects. The force exerted on a charge is proportional to the electric field strength. Volts per metre (V/m)
Magnetism The phenomena resulting from the movement of electrical charges. —
Magnetic field The field around a moving electrical charge (/magnetic material) that will exert a force on other moving electrical charges (/magnetic materials). Tesla (T)
Electromagnetism The combined physical phenomena associated with electricity and magnetism. —
Electromagnetic wave A propagating wave consisting of synchronised oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. Also known as ‘light’. —
Current The net flow of electrical charge through an object/space. Amperes (A)
Conductoconduction A material that allows current to flow through it. —
Conductance A measure of how well a particular object allows current to flow through it. Siemens (S)
Conductivity A material property that indicates how well a substance conducts electricity, independent of the dimensions of that substance. Siemens per metre (S/m)
Resistance Inverse of conductance. How much a particular object resists current flowing through it. Ohms (Ω)
Resistivity Inverse of conductivity. A material property indicating how well a substance resists the flow of current through it, independent of the dimensions of that substance. Ohm metres (Ωm)
Insulatoinsulation A material that does not allow current to flow freely through it (possesses high resistivity/low conductivity). —
Polarisation The net movement of charge within an object such that the distribution of charge is no longer symmetrical, resulting in an apparent electric field emanating from the object. Will sometimes be referred to as 'charge separation' if occuring within a conductor. —
Dielectric An insulating material that can be polarised when placed within an electric field. —
Potential The amount of energy theoretically required to move a unit of charge from a reference point (usually the electrical ground or a point infinitely far away) to the point in question. Volts (V)
Voltage The difference in potential between two points. Volts (V)
Ground/earth A point or object defined as being at zero potential. This will often be a conductor directly connected into the actual physical ground/earth. The ground can effectively be seen as an infinite source of charge carriers and therefore can act efficiently as a current sink. —
Capacitance The amount of charge an object can hold at a particular voltage. Farads (F)
Electrostatic induction The induction of current or polarisation within a material due to an applied electric field. —
Permittivity A measure of the polarisability of a material, which has consequences for how much electric fields are attenuated within that material. Farads per metre (F/m)
Relative permittivity The ratio of the permittivity of a material to the permittivity of a vacuum, i.e. how much weaker an electric field between two charges would be in this material compared to in a vacuum. Also known as the ‘Dielectric constant’. Dimensionless
An electric field exists around any electrically charged object, exerting a repulsive force on like charges, and an attractive force on opposite charges (Coulomb, 1785). The electrodynamic interactions of electrons and protons largely dictate the chemistry of both the abiotic and biotic world, and thus the structure of life. However, the bulk distribution and mobility of these charged particles within a material also result in electric fields manifesting their influence on biology at scales much larger than atoms and small molecules. For example, the folding of proteins, which predominantly determines their function, is governed significantly by electrostatic interactions (Zhou & Pang, 2018). It is also well appreciated that electrical interactions are responsible for a great number of cellular functions, in particular cell signalling (Lipscombe & Toro, 2014). Even at the scale of organs and organisms, the functioning of the nervous system in animals and plants relies upon electricity to generate and transmit information, in the form of propagating action potentials (Nicholls et al., 2001). However, one facet of the role of electric fields in biology has remained notably underappreciated: the ecology of electric fields. Recent work has highlighted that indeed a plethora of electrical interactions take place at the ecological scale, in terms of an organism's interactions with the physical abiotic environment, as well as conspecifics and other organisms. This article intends to review our current knowledge on the influence of electric fields at the ecological scale, including the sensory ecology of the biological detection of these fields: electroreception. Particular emphasis and detail will be given to the recently discovered field of aerial electroreception, as this provides some of the most exciting and potentially fruitful opportunities for further research. This review also aims to integrate aerial electroreception into the wider context of electroreception research by comparing and contrasting between aerial and aquatic examples, identifying common trends whilst appreciating their distinctiveness.
Abiotic electric field sources
It is first important to consider the presence of electric fields of abiotic origin. Arguably, the primary abiotic electric field source experienced by terrestrial organisms on Earth is the atmospheric potential gradient (APG) (Hunting et al., 2021c). The APG is an electric field oriented vertically in the Earth's atmosphere, such that, within the vast majority of biologically inhabited altitudes (Imshenetsky, Lysenko & Kazakov, 1978; Womack, Bohannan & Green, 2010), the electric potential increases with altitude (Wilson, 1903). Near to the Earth's surface, in fair-weather conditions, the strength of the APG is on the order of 100 V m−1, but can increase by an order of magnitude, or even invert, during certain meteorological conditions, most notably thunderstorms (Wilson, 1903; Bennett & Harrison, 2007). The APG is largely created by a potential difference between the ionosphere and the Earth's surface and is constantly maintained by the global atmospheric electric circuit, wherein thunderstorms generate electric current upwards in the atmosphere, towards the ionosphere; this current is simultaneously counteracted elsewhere on the planet in fair-weather regions by gradual currents flowing back down to the ground (Rycroft, Israelsson & Price, 2000; Rycroft et al., 2012).
It is also worth mentioning the electrical charges of atmospheric precipitation. Individual raindrops generally carry non-negligible electrostatic charges (Wilson, 1903). These charges vary in polarity, even within the same rainfall, but negative charges appear to be marginally more common (Wilson, 1903; Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Chauzy & Despiau, 1980; Bennett & Harrison, 2007). The magnitude of charge carried is also highly variable but is typically in the region of 0.1–1000 pC, depending on meteorological conditions and the size of the raindrop (Banerji & Lele, 1932; Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Smith, 1955; Chauzy & Despiau, 1980). Snowflakes and hailstones have also been shown to carry electrostatic charges (Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Latham, Mason & Blackett, 1961).
In the aquatic environment, a major abiotic source of electric fields is the Earth's geomagnetic field. Whilst the geomagnetic field itself is not an electric field, any time-varying magnetic field will induce an electric field (Faraday, 1832; Maxwell, 1865). Therefore, because the geomagnetic field varies spatially, when water or animals move through the geomagnetic field, this can be viewed as a temporal variation in magnetic field from the reference point of the moving object, and therefore electric currents are electromagnetically induced in the water or animal (Kalmijn, 1974). The magnitudes of these motion-induced electric fields are not negligible, with a fish moving at 1 m s−1 likely to induce electric fields as strong as 0.4 μV cm−1, and electric fields induced by water motion typically measuring around 0.05–0.25 μV cm−1 (Barber & Longuet-Higgins, 1948; Kalmijn, 1974). By the same electromagnetic principles, temporal variations in the ambient magnetic field, for example those caused by magnetic storms, will similarly induce electric fields in the Earth's crust and mantle, including the oceans (Kalmijn, 1974). These are generally referred to as telluric, or Earth currents, and in coastal or continental shelf waters (where oceanic telluric currents are at their highest), they are typically on the order of 0.01 μV cm−1 in magnitude (Kalmijn, 1974).
V. CONCLUSIONS
Research into the role of electricity in ecology has been long-standing, but is characterized by punctuated, largely isolated, islands of research.
This review provides the first collation and synthesis of these studies, and in so doing demonstrates the importance of considering electric phenomena when investigating ecological interactions.
Together, the studies published to date make clear the prevalence of electrical interactions within ecological systems, but there are large gaps in our current knowledge.
As an acknowledgment and understanding of the ubiquity of electric fields within the natural environment begins to grow within the scientific community, it is anticipated that many more aspects of electric ecology are soon to be uncovered.
The recently discovered sense of aerial electroreception provides an exciting and promising new field of research, with a plethora of species and ecologies awaiting investigation.
The electric field should be viewed and appreciated as a major driver of evolutionary adaptation within biological systems, not only at the atomic, molecular, or cellular levels, but also at the organism and ecological scales too."
This "atmospheric potential gradient" and how life interacts with it and the explanation of how the various systems of energy on earth interact and cause chain reactions in each other has set all of the ground work for this kind of theory to be plausible. Personally I truly think this is the beginning of a new understanding about life on our planet and the role energy plays in it on every level. The systems this report sets out could very well make us reconsider some old ways of thinking that we as a species had previously dismissed as superstitious nonsense.
This is the article the theory is from: https://unifyingtheory.blogspot.com/2021/10/electromagnetictelluric-grid-theory.html
submitted by scribbyshollow to AlternativeHistory [link] [comments]
One in particular is the "telluric grid theory"
The Theory
"Before or during the last ice age a global culture existed on earth, not one that was in contact globally but rather a sort of globally practiced way of thinking and inherited traditions. Not a technologically advanced one like ours but one who fully understood nature and its machinations through centuries of observation. Inevitably this culture noticed static electricity and the natural electrical flows of the earth and the many energies that play out on and within it. Eventually they learned how to focus, control and interact with these energy flows like one could control the flow of water with a funnel or damn.
They did this by building giant megalithic structures know to us as pyramids and temples that were passed down from one generation to the next. The purpose of some of these original temples were to artificially alter the electrical environment and possibly use it to propagate plant and crop growth via electrical stimulation. Not to harness electricity for technological purposes but to act as a natural “spring” or dam to release and control electrical pressure and energy within the environment. They were constructed to focus energy in its many forms and possibly to bring about generation and regeneration of life around them by stimulating and focusing the earths natural electrical energy.
As you will see these pyramid building ancient cultures had a shared practice in the form of geomancy and used what they called "the geomantic act" to pick the right place to build their sacred structures and megaliths. This practice survives to this day in the form of Feng shui, the Chinese art of placement. This is gone over in the shared mythology section. We will also go over "electroreception" and its role in evolution and how animals and life in general interact with the earths various electric fields and energies.
They did this by constructing these temples attuned to nature and its processes. They had to be in the right place, the right height, the right shape, the correct angles and built from the right materials much like today's radio towers and wireless devices adhere to these same rules. Some of these places were even built with acoustic resonance in mind, being so precise that they could manipulate sound or transform one sound into another sound intentionally.This was accomplished by havbing them interact with the "atmospheric potential gradient" which we will cover the science of in a later section.
They used geomagnetic energy and electromagnetic energy via orientation and position and atmospheric static electricity gathered at an altitude which is called the atmospheric potential gradient. Combining all three to form a sort of electric funnel into/out of the earth. What they used this energy for is purely speculative however some information regarding their use has survived. The one thing that is clear about them is that these temples had multiple functions and purposes, the same as modern day generators having multiple purposes.
Over time they established more and more of these temples worldwide forming a sort of grid on the surface of the earth with them. A geomagnetic or telluric grid. This was either a worldwide grid to control the earths interior energy, using the various “stations” to control the overall pressure and flow of earths interior energies the same way lightning balances out the earths ionosphere and ground currents just artificially and less intensive. Or these temples were just sort of town centers that performed this task locally and not on a global scale.
They came about this knowledge from the ancient art known as Alchemy. An objective science that gave birth to modern chemistry and was practiced world wide for a large portion of human history. Alchemy gave them objective knowledge of energy, they may not have understood the technical details or specifics of energy but the ancient texts of alchemy make it very clear that they objectively understood energy in its various forms and how it behaved.
More importantly, this knowledge of energy and electricity was intricately hidden inside their teachings and texts by the use of symbology and other coded communication. This brings about the question of who exactly they were hiding this knowledge from and why? This theory asserts that powerful people of the past were hunting down this knowledge of energy and destroying it and anyone who knew of it. Destroying all traces of humanities ancient past and the things they discovered."
Here is some of the supporting evidence from a recent study that combined all the various islands of research into the ecology of electricity. Actually I would recommend everyone read this study as it is the first of its kind and the beginning of an new branch of science forming. These findings will and are already making science rethink about the role of electricity in ecology and the environment and how that is and has effected life. It is a mountain of text so I only included the beginning and end of it because of size limitations for posts.
Source - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12804
"ABSTRACT
Electricity, the interaction between electrically charged objects, is widely known to be fundamental to the functioning of living systems. However, this appreciation has largely been restricted to the scale of atoms, molecules, and cells. By contrast, the role of electricity at the ecological scale has historically been largely neglected, characterized by punctuated islands of research infrequently connected to one another. Recently, however, an understanding of the ubiquity of electrical forces within the natural environment has begun to grow, along with a realization of the multitude of ecological interactions that these forces may influence. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive collation and synthesis of research in this emerging field of electric ecology. This includes assessments of the role electricity plays in the natural ecology of predator–prey interactions, pollination, and animal dispersal, among many others, as well as the impact of anthropogenic activity on these systems. A detailed introduction to the ecology and physiology of electroreception – the biological detection of ecologically relevant electric fields – is also provided. Further to this, we suggest avenues for future research that show particular promise, most notably those investigating the recently discovered sense of aerial electroreception.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of the universe. Therefore, electromagnetic interactions inevitably influence the biotic world in a multitude of ways. There are two primary manifestations of electromagnetism: the magnetic field (magnetism), and the electric field (electricity); which when oscillating in synchronicity produce electromagnetic waves, i.e. light (Maxwell, 1865). For a summary and definition of the key electric and magnetic terminology used within this review, see Table 1. Whilst electromagnetic waves, and to some extent magnetic fields, have in many ways driven the rise and evolution of life on Earth, the influence of electric fields alone should not be understated.
Table 1. A list of electromagnetic terminology with associated definitions and SI units where applicable
Term Definition Units (if applicable) Charge A property possessed by some objects that allows them to create and interact with electric and magnetic fields. Opposite charges attract each other, whilst like charges repel each other. Coulombs (C)
Electricity The phenomena resulting from the interactions between charged objects. —
Electric field (electric field strength) The field around a charged object that will exert a force on other charged objects. The force exerted on a charge is proportional to the electric field strength. Volts per metre (V/m)
Magnetism The phenomena resulting from the movement of electrical charges. —
Magnetic field The field around a moving electrical charge (/magnetic material) that will exert a force on other moving electrical charges (/magnetic materials). Tesla (T)
Electromagnetism The combined physical phenomena associated with electricity and magnetism. —
Electromagnetic wave A propagating wave consisting of synchronised oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. Also known as ‘light’. —
Current The net flow of electrical charge through an object/space. Amperes (A)
Conductoconduction A material that allows current to flow through it. —
Conductance A measure of how well a particular object allows current to flow through it. Siemens (S)
Conductivity A material property that indicates how well a substance conducts electricity, independent of the dimensions of that substance. Siemens per metre (S/m)
Resistance Inverse of conductance. How much a particular object resists current flowing through it. Ohms (Ω)
Resistivity Inverse of conductivity. A material property indicating how well a substance resists the flow of current through it, independent of the dimensions of that substance. Ohm metres (Ωm)
Insulatoinsulation A material that does not allow current to flow freely through it (possesses high resistivity/low conductivity). —
Polarisation The net movement of charge within an object such that the distribution of charge is no longer symmetrical, resulting in an apparent electric field emanating from the object. Will sometimes be referred to as 'charge separation' if occuring within a conductor. —
Dielectric An insulating material that can be polarised when placed within an electric field. —
Potential The amount of energy theoretically required to move a unit of charge from a reference point (usually the electrical ground or a point infinitely far away) to the point in question. Volts (V)
Voltage The difference in potential between two points. Volts (V)
Ground/earth A point or object defined as being at zero potential. This will often be a conductor directly connected into the actual physical ground/earth. The ground can effectively be seen as an infinite source of charge carriers and therefore can act efficiently as a current sink. —
Capacitance The amount of charge an object can hold at a particular voltage. Farads (F)
Electrostatic induction The induction of current or polarisation within a material due to an applied electric field. —
Permittivity A measure of the polarisability of a material, which has consequences for how much electric fields are attenuated within that material. Farads per metre (F/m)
Relative permittivity The ratio of the permittivity of a material to the permittivity of a vacuum, i.e. how much weaker an electric field between two charges would be in this material compared to in a vacuum. Also known as the ‘Dielectric constant’. Dimensionless
An electric field exists around any electrically charged object, exerting a repulsive force on like charges, and an attractive force on opposite charges (Coulomb, 1785). The electrodynamic interactions of electrons and protons largely dictate the chemistry of both the abiotic and biotic world, and thus the structure of life. However, the bulk distribution and mobility of these charged particles within a material also result in electric fields manifesting their influence on biology at scales much larger than atoms and small molecules. For example, the folding of proteins, which predominantly determines their function, is governed significantly by electrostatic interactions (Zhou & Pang, 2018). It is also well appreciated that electrical interactions are responsible for a great number of cellular functions, in particular cell signalling (Lipscombe & Toro, 2014). Even at the scale of organs and organisms, the functioning of the nervous system in animals and plants relies upon electricity to generate and transmit information, in the form of propagating action potentials (Nicholls et al., 2001). However, one facet of the role of electric fields in biology has remained notably underappreciated: the ecology of electric fields. Recent work has highlighted that indeed a plethora of electrical interactions take place at the ecological scale, in terms of an organism's interactions with the physical abiotic environment, as well as conspecifics and other organisms. This article intends to review our current knowledge on the influence of electric fields at the ecological scale, including the sensory ecology of the biological detection of these fields: electroreception. Particular emphasis and detail will be given to the recently discovered field of aerial electroreception, as this provides some of the most exciting and potentially fruitful opportunities for further research. This review also aims to integrate aerial electroreception into the wider context of electroreception research by comparing and contrasting between aerial and aquatic examples, identifying common trends whilst appreciating their distinctiveness.
Abiotic electric field sources
It is first important to consider the presence of electric fields of abiotic origin. Arguably, the primary abiotic electric field source experienced by terrestrial organisms on Earth is the atmospheric potential gradient (APG) (Hunting et al., 2021c). The APG is an electric field oriented vertically in the Earth's atmosphere, such that, within the vast majority of biologically inhabited altitudes (Imshenetsky, Lysenko & Kazakov, 1978; Womack, Bohannan & Green, 2010), the electric potential increases with altitude (Wilson, 1903). Near to the Earth's surface, in fair-weather conditions, the strength of the APG is on the order of 100 V m−1, but can increase by an order of magnitude, or even invert, during certain meteorological conditions, most notably thunderstorms (Wilson, 1903; Bennett & Harrison, 2007). The APG is largely created by a potential difference between the ionosphere and the Earth's surface and is constantly maintained by the global atmospheric electric circuit, wherein thunderstorms generate electric current upwards in the atmosphere, towards the ionosphere; this current is simultaneously counteracted elsewhere on the planet in fair-weather regions by gradual currents flowing back down to the ground (Rycroft, Israelsson & Price, 2000; Rycroft et al., 2012).
It is also worth mentioning the electrical charges of atmospheric precipitation. Individual raindrops generally carry non-negligible electrostatic charges (Wilson, 1903). These charges vary in polarity, even within the same rainfall, but negative charges appear to be marginally more common (Wilson, 1903; Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Chauzy & Despiau, 1980; Bennett & Harrison, 2007). The magnitude of charge carried is also highly variable but is typically in the region of 0.1–1000 pC, depending on meteorological conditions and the size of the raindrop (Banerji & Lele, 1932; Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Smith, 1955; Chauzy & Despiau, 1980). Snowflakes and hailstones have also been shown to carry electrostatic charges (Chalmers & Pasquill, 1938; Latham, Mason & Blackett, 1961).
In the aquatic environment, a major abiotic source of electric fields is the Earth's geomagnetic field. Whilst the geomagnetic field itself is not an electric field, any time-varying magnetic field will induce an electric field (Faraday, 1832; Maxwell, 1865). Therefore, because the geomagnetic field varies spatially, when water or animals move through the geomagnetic field, this can be viewed as a temporal variation in magnetic field from the reference point of the moving object, and therefore electric currents are electromagnetically induced in the water or animal (Kalmijn, 1974). The magnitudes of these motion-induced electric fields are not negligible, with a fish moving at 1 m s−1 likely to induce electric fields as strong as 0.4 μV cm−1, and electric fields induced by water motion typically measuring around 0.05–0.25 μV cm−1 (Barber & Longuet-Higgins, 1948; Kalmijn, 1974). By the same electromagnetic principles, temporal variations in the ambient magnetic field, for example those caused by magnetic storms, will similarly induce electric fields in the Earth's crust and mantle, including the oceans (Kalmijn, 1974). These are generally referred to as telluric, or Earth currents, and in coastal or continental shelf waters (where oceanic telluric currents are at their highest), they are typically on the order of 0.01 μV cm−1 in magnitude (Kalmijn, 1974).
V. CONCLUSIONS
Research into the role of electricity in ecology has been long-standing, but is characterized by punctuated, largely isolated, islands of research.
This review provides the first collation and synthesis of these studies, and in so doing demonstrates the importance of considering electric phenomena when investigating ecological interactions.
Together, the studies published to date make clear the prevalence of electrical interactions within ecological systems, but there are large gaps in our current knowledge.
As an acknowledgment and understanding of the ubiquity of electric fields within the natural environment begins to grow within the scientific community, it is anticipated that many more aspects of electric ecology are soon to be uncovered.
The recently discovered sense of aerial electroreception provides an exciting and promising new field of research, with a plethora of species and ecologies awaiting investigation.
The electric field should be viewed and appreciated as a major driver of evolutionary adaptation within biological systems, not only at the atomic, molecular, or cellular levels, but also at the organism and ecological scales too."
This "atmospheric potential gradient" and how life interacts with it and the explanation of how the various systems of energy on earth interact and cause chain reactions in each other has set all of the ground work for this kind of theory to be plausible. Personally I truly think this is the beginning of a new understanding about life on our planet and the role energy plays in it on every level. The systems this report sets out could very well make us reconsider some old ways of thinking that we as a species had previously dismissed as superstitious nonsense.
This is the article the theory is from: https://unifyingtheory.blogspot.com/2021/10/electromagnetictelluric-grid-theory.html
2023.06.02 13:54 Ok-Yogurtcloset3857 Chatty catty 20 year old stirring up drama: advice?
I'm in my 30s and found myself in a one sided friendship with a 20 year old girl. When we first met, I quickly found out she is a loud mouth, foul in her language with anyone regardless of the situation, and unable to control her volume level or anger. She had opened up to me early on about wanting to improve and mature, so I gently offered her my guidance and advice when she asked. Throughout the past year, she asked for advice and I gave her the best I could. But she never actively tried to change; I knew she needed to do it on her own. Whenever we spent time together, it was always my generosity getting taken advantage of and I slowly realized this over time. My willingness to help her diminished as I realized she was just using my kindness for her benefit.
A family friend owns the property she lives at and I store a few things on the property and pay her for the space. I gave her notice that I will be moving my things off the property and going elsewhere that is more convenient for me. This will naturally create distance between us so I won't be seeing her a few days a week anymore and getting pulled into "helping her" with projects where she just stands around while I work and she instructs me on what she wants done. This has happened many times. To say this friendship has been draining me over time, would be an understatement.
Immediately upon giving notice, I knew she would be calling EVERYONE she knows that I was moving my stuff. She has done this many times before, so much so when she got a traffic ticket for speeding, she called her brother, sister, mom, and boyfriend to laugh and tell them all she got a ticket in the middle of her traffic stop (while the officer was finishing the paperwork). I never understood the behavior. Why does she feel like she has to gossip and call everyone and say everything?
Basically, this young girl doesn't know when to keep her mouth shut.
5 hours after giving notice, I received phones call from TWO mutual acquaintances/business associates that I do actual business with, letting me know this 20 year old girl texted them to let them know I was moving my stuff. The business associate wanted to confirm I was staying in the area because they had a business gift to give me. I was flabbergasted that this young girl was flapping her gums that much. It wasn't a drama-filled decision that I was moving my stuff and I informed her it was due to the distance.
Long story short, can someone please explain to me why this 20 year old is so gossipy and hell bent on stirring up drama/flapping her gums? I literally cannot comprehend the reasoning behind telling my business associates that I am moving my stuff off her property?
It is going to be a long 30 day notice...
submitted by Ok-Yogurtcloset3857 to FriendshipAdvice [link] [comments]
A family friend owns the property she lives at and I store a few things on the property and pay her for the space. I gave her notice that I will be moving my things off the property and going elsewhere that is more convenient for me. This will naturally create distance between us so I won't be seeing her a few days a week anymore and getting pulled into "helping her" with projects where she just stands around while I work and she instructs me on what she wants done. This has happened many times. To say this friendship has been draining me over time, would be an understatement.
Immediately upon giving notice, I knew she would be calling EVERYONE she knows that I was moving my stuff. She has done this many times before, so much so when she got a traffic ticket for speeding, she called her brother, sister, mom, and boyfriend to laugh and tell them all she got a ticket in the middle of her traffic stop (while the officer was finishing the paperwork). I never understood the behavior. Why does she feel like she has to gossip and call everyone and say everything?
Basically, this young girl doesn't know when to keep her mouth shut.
5 hours after giving notice, I received phones call from TWO mutual acquaintances/business associates that I do actual business with, letting me know this 20 year old girl texted them to let them know I was moving my stuff. The business associate wanted to confirm I was staying in the area because they had a business gift to give me. I was flabbergasted that this young girl was flapping her gums that much. It wasn't a drama-filled decision that I was moving my stuff and I informed her it was due to the distance.
Long story short, can someone please explain to me why this 20 year old is so gossipy and hell bent on stirring up drama/flapping her gums? I literally cannot comprehend the reasoning behind telling my business associates that I am moving my stuff off her property?
It is going to be a long 30 day notice...
2023.06.02 13:54 josaphlara Why You Need Pet Insurance for Your Puppy?
- Financial protection: Pet insurance helps cover the costs of unexpected veterinary expenses, including accidents, illnesses, and emergencies.
- Peace of mind: Having pet insurance gives you the assurance that you can provide the best possible care for your puppy without worrying about the financial burden.
- Access to quality healthcare: With pet insurance, you can afford necessary treatments, medications, surgeries, and specialized care for your puppy.
- Coverage for hereditary and congenital conditions: Certain dog breeds are prone to specific health issues, and pet insurance can help cover the costs associated with managing these conditions.
2023.06.02 13:53 AngelSeeker69 Stamp Duties Act irt Association Agreements of CC's
I understand that some agreements like rental agreements need to have stamp Duties. My question is: do Association Agreements of Close Corporations need to comply with the Stamp Duties Act? If the AA was signed by all parties and not stamped with Stamp Duties, would it then be considered not binding or usable in court proceedings? How is this true for any agreement because common law states that all (verbal agreements included) are deemed binding (based on certain criteria like age or ability etc).
submitted by AngelSeeker69 to PersonalFinanceNA [link] [comments]
2023.06.02 13:51 taxfillingindia Benefits of ISO 9001 Certification Tax Filling India
 | In today's fast-paced and competitive business environment, organizations need to demonstrate their commitment to quality and efficiency. One way to achieve this is by obtaining ISO 9001 certification, a globally recognized standard for quality management systems. For tax filling companies in India, implementing ISO 9001 can bring numerous benefits, ensuring streamlined processes, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement. In this blog post, we will explore the advantages of ISO 9001 certification for tax filling in India. submitted by taxfillingindia to u/taxfillingindia [link] [comments] 1. Improved Process Efficiency: ISO 9001 certification focuses on establishing efficient processes and ensuring their continuous improvement. By adopting the ISO 9001 standard, tax filling companies can identify and eliminate wasteful activities, streamline their operations, and enhance overall efficiency. This can result in reduced turnaround time, minimized errors, and improved productivity, leading to a more effective tax filling process. 2. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: Tax filling companies that achieve ISO 9001 certification demonstrate their commitment to providing high-quality services. ISO 9001 emphasizes customer satisfaction by setting clear standards for service delivery, handling customer feedback, and ensuring prompt issue resolution. By meeting or exceeding customer expectations consistently, tax filling companies can build trust and loyalty among their clients. https://preview.redd.it/bnomou1afl3b1.jpg?width=1080&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=e6674b527ec30ebdc3e31194e310f4ebe4a3c691 3. Regulatory Compliance: Tax filling in India involves adherence to a complex set of rules and regulations. ISO 9001 certification can assist tax filling companies in complying with these requirements. The standard emphasizes the establishment of documented procedures, accurate record-keeping, and a robust approach to risk management. By aligning their processes with ISO 9001 guidelines, tax filling companies can ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. 4. Effective Risk Management: Tax filling companies handle sensitive financial information, making risk management crucial. ISO 9001 provides a framework for identifying and managing risks associated with tax filling processes. By implementing risk assessment techniques and integrating them into their quality management system, companies can proactively identify potential risks and take appropriate measures to mitigate them. This approach enhances data security, safeguards client information, and minimizes the likelihood of errors or data breaches. 5. Continuous Improvement Culture: ISO 9001 promotes a culture of continuous improvement within organizations. By implementing the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, tax filling companies can systematically identify areas for improvement, establish corrective actions, and monitor their effectiveness. This iterative approach helps companies refine their processes over time, optimize resource allocation, and enhance overall performance. Through regular internal audits and management reviews, tax filling companies can identify opportunities for growth, innovation, and increased efficiency. ISO 9001 certification offers tax filling companies in India a multitude of benefits, ranging from improved process efficiency to enhanced customer satisfaction and regulatory compliance. By implementing ISO 9001 standards, tax filling organizations can establish robust quality management systems, streamline their operations, and ensure continuous improvement. Investing in ISO 9001 certification demonstrates a commitment to providing high-quality services, gaining a competitive edge in the industry, and building long-term relationships with clients. With the ever-increasing focus on quality and efficiency, ISO 9001 certification is a valuable asset for tax filling companies in India. For More Info: Call: +91 9177706025 Visit: https://taxfillingindia.com/iso-certificate-registration-consultants/ |
2023.06.02 13:50 WatermelonNurse Hearing alarms at home, barely slept for 2 days
My last shift wound up being 17.5 hours (noc) (12.5 schedule + 4.5 mandatory overtime + .5 oncoming nurse running late). Literally, the entire 17.5 hours there was at least 1 alarm going off, often more than just 1. We tried to address the alarms as best we could but our requests to the doctors for parameters to be adjusted for certain patients weren’t implemented. This was also the day that the residents on that unit, so things weren’t running as usual. My shift prior to that was 13.5 hours (day) long with frequent alarms due to one of my patients who is moderately cognitive impaired who is very demanding & non-compliant patient.
With at least 1 alarm going off, that’s all I’ve been hearing when I try to go to sleep the last 2 nights. I got maybe 1 hour of sleep a couple nights ago and idk maybe an hour tonight. I can’t fall asleep because I’m “hearing” these alarms, where I then perk up just as I’m drifting off to sleep.
I’ve tried melatonin & Unisom, a white noise machine, & an eye mask with no success. I desperately messaged my primary care doctor asking for a 1x dose of something to put me to sleep, but I’m not hopeful that he’ll see the message until next week. I am losing my mind and desperately want sleep. I am grinding my teeth so hard I destroyed a single-use dental guard. I’ve essentially been awake since 2am Wednesday & can’t stop hearing the phantom alarms.
Does anyone have any tips to stop hearing these phantom alarms when at home? I’d really appreciate any useful advice that has worked for you. Thank you!
submitted by WatermelonNurse to nursing [link] [comments]
With at least 1 alarm going off, that’s all I’ve been hearing when I try to go to sleep the last 2 nights. I got maybe 1 hour of sleep a couple nights ago and idk maybe an hour tonight. I can’t fall asleep because I’m “hearing” these alarms, where I then perk up just as I’m drifting off to sleep.
I’ve tried melatonin & Unisom, a white noise machine, & an eye mask with no success. I desperately messaged my primary care doctor asking for a 1x dose of something to put me to sleep, but I’m not hopeful that he’ll see the message until next week. I am losing my mind and desperately want sleep. I am grinding my teeth so hard I destroyed a single-use dental guard. I’ve essentially been awake since 2am Wednesday & can’t stop hearing the phantom alarms.
Does anyone have any tips to stop hearing these phantom alarms when at home? I’d really appreciate any useful advice that has worked for you. Thank you!
2023.06.02 13:49 Suemravik-kw-com 🏡 New to Market! 📍 1741 Bainbridge St La Crosse, WI 54603 💥 Showings start June 8th, 2023! ⏰ Schedule your viewing today! Sue Mravik & Associates, Keller Williams Realty Diversified 📞 (608) 498-6076 📧 [email protected]
 | submitted by Suemravik-kw-com to u/Suemravik-kw-com [link] [comments] https://preview.redd.it/r3fcdn8yel3b1.png?width=940&format=png&auto=webp&s=b45533768af7b5d302c5f7e22b52d04f6b8a225c \🏡 New to Market! 📍 1741 Bainbridge St La Crosse, WI 54603 💥 Showings start June 8th, 2023! ⏰ Schedule your viewing today! 🏡 Adorable Cape Cod on French Island! This charming home offers 3 bedrooms, 🛀 1 bathrooms, and a 🚗🚙 2.5-car detached garage. This property eagerly awaits the creation of new cherished memories. Do you feel the excitement growing? See more notable features below: • Large garage space • Fenced area for pet • Gardening spaces • Smaller room that can be used as an office or playroom • And so much more! 📅 Schedule your viewing today and seize the opportunity to turn this house into your dream home! 🏡 Don’t let this amazing chance slip away. 👉📲 Contact Sue @(608) 498–6076 to take the next step towards making this your new home! ••• Sue Mravik & Associates, Keller Williams Realty Diversified 📞 (608) 498–6076 📧 [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) |
2023.06.02 13:48 Kitchen-Top-6991 my band, dikembe, leaves for tour in one week! come to a show if you're in the area
 | submitted by Kitchen-Top-6991 to u/Kitchen-Top-6991 [link] [comments] |
2023.06.02 13:48 Ok_Philosopher_8762 LGBTQ+
INC recognize lgbt+ as a mental disorder----
There are a variety of reasons why some people may view sexual orientation or gender identity as a mental disorder. One reason may be a LACK OF EDUCATION or understanding about LGBT issues, leading to misunderstandings or misconceptions about what it means to be LGBT. Some people may also hold religious or cultural beliefs that view homosexuality or transgender identity as immoral or unnatural, and may therefore see it as a mental disorder.
Another reason why some people may view sexual orientation or gender identity as a mental disorder is because of historical attitudes and practices in the mental health field. Until relatively recently, homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and was even treated with conversion therapy, a harmful and ineffective practice aimed at changing a person's sexual orientation.
It is important to note, however, that these views are not supported by current scientific consensus or professional organizations. The American Psychological Association, the World Health Organization, and many other professional organizations recognize that homosexuality and transgender identity are not mental disorders, and that efforts to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity can be harmful and ineffective.
submitted by Ok_Philosopher_8762 to exIglesiaNiCristo [link] [comments]
There are a variety of reasons why some people may view sexual orientation or gender identity as a mental disorder. One reason may be a LACK OF EDUCATION or understanding about LGBT issues, leading to misunderstandings or misconceptions about what it means to be LGBT. Some people may also hold religious or cultural beliefs that view homosexuality or transgender identity as immoral or unnatural, and may therefore see it as a mental disorder.
Another reason why some people may view sexual orientation or gender identity as a mental disorder is because of historical attitudes and practices in the mental health field. Until relatively recently, homosexuality was classified as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and was even treated with conversion therapy, a harmful and ineffective practice aimed at changing a person's sexual orientation.
It is important to note, however, that these views are not supported by current scientific consensus or professional organizations. The American Psychological Association, the World Health Organization, and many other professional organizations recognize that homosexuality and transgender identity are not mental disorders, and that efforts to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity can be harmful and ineffective.
2023.06.02 13:47 Interesting-Gift-256 Best Dental clinic in jamnagar
You've come to the right place if you're looking for a dentist in Jamnagar or the best dentist in Jamnagar. We provide cutting-edge amenities to our customers. Our services include cosmetic dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, oral operations, implants, smile makeovers, paediatric dentistry, and much more. They also cover all aspects of dental health. Visit our website, Ruparelia Dental Clinic & Implant Centre, for more information.
Best Dental clinic in jamnagar
submitted by Interesting-Gift-256 to u/Interesting-Gift-256 [link] [comments]
Best Dental clinic in jamnagar
2023.06.02 13:46 London-Roma-1980 NON-CONFERENCE FINAL MATCHDAY (12) PREVIEW
The long road of Swiss is almost over. This is the last chance for teams that hope to get an at-large berth to get a big win to impress the committee before conference play begins. Can UCLA finish the sweep against Illinois? Can Top 25 newcomers solidify their position against those who used to be ranked? Will the mid-majors get the scalp they need?
Let's look at that last question, as the top mid-major team the last few seasons takes on a contender to the throne.
*****
UNLV Runnin' Rebels vs. Princeton Tigers.
If ever the phrase "contrast of styles" applied, it applies here. UNLV, as the name implies, loves to get out in the fast break lanes and emphasize their athleticism. Princeton, meanwhile, is cagey and intellectual, slowing the game down and making their defense a puzzle. Something has to give.
"We're going to see this in conference play [with Air Force], so I'm glad we're getting a taste of it now," Rebels coach Jerry Tarkanian said. "This is our chance to show the selection committee the strength we have and the depth that mid-majors provide. We're a mid-major in name only."
Princeton, meanwhile, is in a tenuous position. Whereas many pundits are predicting UNLV will be strong enough to make the NIBL tournament with or without the Mountain West's automatic bid, there's no certainty for the Tigers. The Ivy League doesn't have as much depth; as such, Princeton needs all the wins they can get.
"We know this is a big game for us," guard Geoff Petrie told reporters. "We have to have a win."
ROSTERS
LINE: UNLV by 21
*****
TOP 25 GAMES
#1 UCLA (11-0) at #25 Illinois (9-2)
#3 Kentucky (10-1) at #8 Michigan (9-2)
#4 Duke (9-2) at #15 Southern Cal (9-2)
#10 Indiana (9-2) at N.C. State (9-2)
#5 Kansas (9-2) at #9 Notre Dame (9-2)
#2 North Carolina (9-2) at Arkansas (9-2)
#17 DePaul (8-3) at #16 Maryland (8-3)
#22 Florida (8-3) at Louisville (8-3)
#23 Iowa (8-3) at Houston (8-3)
#18 LSU (8-3) at West Virginia (8-3)
#20 Minnesota (8-3) at California (8-3)
#11 Ohio State (8-3) at Arizona State (8-3)
Saint John's (8-3) at #13 Texas (8-3)
#7 Syracuse (8-3) at #14 Arizona (8-3)
Tennessee (8-3) at #12 Connecticut (8-3)
Washington (8-3) at #21 Alabama (8-3)
#6 Michigan State (8-3) at Saint Louis (7-4)
Tulsa (7-4) at #19 Georgetown (7-4)
#24 UNLV (7-4) at Princeton (7-4)
submitted by London-Roma-1980 to BestOfDivI [link] [comments]
Let's look at that last question, as the top mid-major team the last few seasons takes on a contender to the throne.
*****
UNLV Runnin' Rebels vs. Princeton Tigers.
If ever the phrase "contrast of styles" applied, it applies here. UNLV, as the name implies, loves to get out in the fast break lanes and emphasize their athleticism. Princeton, meanwhile, is cagey and intellectual, slowing the game down and making their defense a puzzle. Something has to give.
"We're going to see this in conference play [with Air Force], so I'm glad we're getting a taste of it now," Rebels coach Jerry Tarkanian said. "This is our chance to show the selection committee the strength we have and the depth that mid-majors provide. We're a mid-major in name only."
Princeton, meanwhile, is in a tenuous position. Whereas many pundits are predicting UNLV will be strong enough to make the NIBL tournament with or without the Mountain West's automatic bid, there's no certainty for the Tigers. The Ivy League doesn't have as much depth; as such, Princeton needs all the wins they can get.
"We know this is a big game for us," guard Geoff Petrie told reporters. "We have to have a win."
ROSTERS
| UNLV Runnin' Rebels (7-4) | # | Princeton Tigers (7-4) |
|---|---|---|
| Stacey AUGMON | 0 | Bill BRADLEY |
| Marcus BANKS | 1 | Devin CANNADY |
| Keon CLARK | 2 | Brian EARL |
| Armen GILLIAM | 3 | Steve GOODRICH |
| Glen GONDREZICK | 4 | Armond HILL |
| Sidney GREEN | 5 | Ian HUMMER |
| Larry JOHNSON | 6 | John HUMMER |
| Derrick JONES Jr | 7 | Mike KEARNS |
| Shawn MARION | 8 | Gabe LEWULLIS |
| Tyrone NESBY | 9 | Ted MANAKAS |
| Isaiah RIDER | 10 | Bud PALMER |
| Robert SMITH | 11 | Geoff PETRIE |
| Ricky SOBERS | 12 | Brian TAYLOR |
| Reggie THEUS | 13 | Judson WALLACE |
| Christian WOOD | 14 | Chris YOUNG |
*****
TOP 25 GAMES
#1 UCLA (11-0) at #25 Illinois (9-2)
#3 Kentucky (10-1) at #8 Michigan (9-2)
#4 Duke (9-2) at #15 Southern Cal (9-2)
#10 Indiana (9-2) at N.C. State (9-2)
#5 Kansas (9-2) at #9 Notre Dame (9-2)
#2 North Carolina (9-2) at Arkansas (9-2)
#17 DePaul (8-3) at #16 Maryland (8-3)
#22 Florida (8-3) at Louisville (8-3)
#23 Iowa (8-3) at Houston (8-3)
#18 LSU (8-3) at West Virginia (8-3)
#20 Minnesota (8-3) at California (8-3)
#11 Ohio State (8-3) at Arizona State (8-3)
Saint John's (8-3) at #13 Texas (8-3)
#7 Syracuse (8-3) at #14 Arizona (8-3)
Tennessee (8-3) at #12 Connecticut (8-3)
Washington (8-3) at #21 Alabama (8-3)
#6 Michigan State (8-3) at Saint Louis (7-4)
Tulsa (7-4) at #19 Georgetown (7-4)
#24 UNLV (7-4) at Princeton (7-4)
2023.06.02 13:45 schizofactory Glasgow orthodontists
I know there was a thread about this last year but I was hoping to get some more insight since I am doing some research into this currently. I’d like to get invisalign for my crossbite which is causing me more and more issues every year. Ideally I’d like to get a few quotes from a few places. I spoke to Park Orthodontics today and they told me it’s £150 for the initial consultation (!!!!). Is this usually how much the 1st consultation costs? I am keen to go to the Diamond level provider that isn’t too far away so I was considering Park or G1 Dental. Anyone had any experience with either? Should I expect everyone to charge me loads just to see them and agree level of treatment?
submitted by schizofactory to glasgow [link] [comments]
2023.06.02 13:43 El_Billy What's the deal with dentists here?
Hey everyone,
I've been living here for almost 4 years. First time I went to the dentist, I went to a well known health insurance dental clinic. I just went because I wanted to have the usual annual cleaning. While I ended up with what I went for, I also got a EUR 1200 proposed budget to clean 4 cavities I was never aware of.
Suspicious of that, a year after I tried just a regular private dental clinic for my annual cleaning. They told me I just had a mildly stained molar, and no other sign of cavities, BUT they insisted that my gums were in pretty bad shape and swollen, so I needed to have periodontal scaling. Went out the door with a EUR 250 proposed budget for that. I came home and I looked at my gums carefully. There's no plaque at the base, they don't look swollen, and yes, they bleed from time to time, but it's not THAT bad.
Is there no way to not get ripped when going to the dentist?
submitted by El_Billy to Barcelona [link] [comments]
I've been living here for almost 4 years. First time I went to the dentist, I went to a well known health insurance dental clinic. I just went because I wanted to have the usual annual cleaning. While I ended up with what I went for, I also got a EUR 1200 proposed budget to clean 4 cavities I was never aware of.
Suspicious of that, a year after I tried just a regular private dental clinic for my annual cleaning. They told me I just had a mildly stained molar, and no other sign of cavities, BUT they insisted that my gums were in pretty bad shape and swollen, so I needed to have periodontal scaling. Went out the door with a EUR 250 proposed budget for that. I came home and I looked at my gums carefully. There's no plaque at the base, they don't look swollen, and yes, they bleed from time to time, but it's not THAT bad.
Is there no way to not get ripped when going to the dentist?
2023.06.02 13:41 GiorgioMD Severe gout. Numerous large tophi with associated joint deformity in the hands of a young patient. Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint...
submitted by GiorgioMD to medizzy [link] [comments]
2023.06.02 13:39 Then_Marionberry_259 JUN 02, 2023 AIR.V CLEAN AIR METALS ANNOUNCES MANAGEMENT CHANGES
 | https://preview.redd.it/tfm3vdvddl3b1.png?width=3500&format=png&auto=webp&s=68f3829f53523a26377baef8305664b3678e3de3 submitted by Then_Marionberry_259 to Treaty_Creek [link] [comments] THUNDER BAY, ON , June 2, 2023 /CNW/ - Clean Air Metals Inc. (" Clean Air Metals " or the " Company ") (TSXV: AIR) (OTCQB: CLRMF) (FRA: CKU) announces that Mr. Abraham Drost will no longer be continuing as CEO and Director of the Company effective immediately. Mr. Jim Gallagher , who has served as Executive Chair since Clean Air Metals began to trade on the TSX Venture Exchange in early 2020 will assume the role of CEO on an interim basis while retaining the Executive Chair role. A search for a permanent CEO will commence in due course. Mr. Gallagher is a mining engineer and experienced executive who most recently was CEO of North American Palladium with its single asset being the Lac des Iles Palladium mine located approximately 90 km north of Clean Air Metals' Thunder Bay North Critical Minerals Project. Mr. Gallagher assumed the CEO role in 2015 as the company emerged from a CCAA process and over the next 5 years led an operational and financial turn-around of the company culminating in the sale to Impala Platinum of South Africa at the end of 2019 for just under C$ 1 Billion Updated Resource Estimate On May 4 th , 2023 the Company press released an updated Mineral Resource Estimate for the Company's 100% owned Thunder Bay North Critical Minerals project. The Indicated resource of 14 million tonnes contains 1.2 million ounces of Platinum and Palladium (on a one-to-one ratio), 57,000 tonnes of Copper and 34,300 tonnes of Nickel. All 4 of these potentially payable metals are defined as Critical Metals by both the Provincial and Federal Governments. The Company is near completion with DRA Americas on validating metallurgical recoveries and potential smelter offtake terms. Technical evaluation of mining options, production rates and site infrastructure will be ongoing over the next several months and we will continue to advance environmental studies towards future permit applications. Exploration The almost 25,000 meters of infill drilling in 2022 on both the Escape and Current deposits that make up the Thunder Bay North Critical Minerals project have provided a well-defined resource model above approximately 500 metres in depth which is the basis for the mineral resource estimate. Both deposits are open at depth and have minimal drilling below 500 meters. An exploration plan is in development for the down plunge extension of both deposits. Jim Gallagher , CEO and Executive Chair commented: "I would like to thank Abraham for his efforts while leading the Company and wish him all the best in his future endeavors. The new mineral resource estimate and new leadership bring the Company to its next stage of development. Technical studies of a selective, higher grade, underground mining plan are commencing for these two near surface deposits. The next phase of exploration will investigate down plunge targets. Once the exploration plan is finalized and permits and sufficient funding are secured, we will look to execute the program in 2024 and beyond. The Company is well funded with just under $10 million in cash available to meet its commitments well into 2024. Given the difficult markets and our low share price we do not anticipate raising any additional funds at least until 2024, avoiding unnecessary dilution of the stock. We intend to prudently manage our cash until market conditions improve. Lastly but most importantly I would like to re-affirm the Company's commitment to social responsibility and sustainability. Clean Air Metals Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary Panoramic PGMs ( Canada ) Ltd. acknowledge that the Thunder Bay North Critical Minerals Project is on the traditional territories of the Fort William First Nation, Red Rock Indian Band and Biinjitiwabik Zaaging Anishinabek. The parties together are the Cooperating Participants in a Memorandum of Agreement dated January 9, 2021 (press release January 11, 2021 ) and Exploration Agreement signed April 13, 2022 (press release April 14, 2022 )." The Company appreciates the opportunity to work in these territories and remains committed to the recognition and respect of those who have lived, traveled, and gathered on the lands since time immemorial. Clean Air Metals is committed to stewarding Indigenous heritage and remains committed to building, fostering and encouraging a respectful relationship with First Nations and Métis peoples based upon principles of mutual trust, respect, reciprocity and collaboration in the spirit of reconciliation. Qualified Persons Mr. Mike Garbutt P.Eng , a qualified person under National Instrument 43-101 and Chief Operating Officer for the Company has reviewed and approved all technical information in this press release. About Clean Air Metals Inc. Clean Air Metals' flagship asset is the 100% owned, high grade Thunder Bay North Critical Minerals Project, a platinum, palladium, copper, nickel project located near the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario and the Lac des Iles Mine owned by Impala Platinum. The Thunder Bay North Project hosts the twin magma conduit bodies which host the Current and Escape deposits forming the basis for the mineral resource estimate reported herein. Interim CEO and Executive Chair Jim Gallagher, P.Eng. and COO Mike Garbutt, P.Eng. lead an experienced technical team studying the economics of a sustainable mining operation at Thunder Bay North. ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS "Jim Gallagher" Jim Gallagher , Interim CEO and Executive Chair of Clean Air Metals Inc. Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. Cautionary Note The information contained herein contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable securities legislation, including statements regarding the potential of the Thunder Bay North Critical Metals Project and the Escape and Current deposits and timing of technical studies and mineral resource estimates. Forward-looking statements relate to information that is based on assumptions of management, forecasts of future results, and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. Any statements that express predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not statements of historical fact and may be "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual events or results to differ from those reflected in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: political and regulatory risks associated with mining and exploration; risks related to the maintenance of stock exchange listings; risks related to environmental regulation and liability; the potential for delays in exploration or development activities or the completion of feasibility studies; the uncertainty of profitability; risks and uncertainties relating to the interpretation of drill results, the geology, grade and continuity of mineral deposits; risks related to the inherent uncertainty of production and cost estimates and the potential for unexpected costs and expenses; results of prefeasibility and feasibility studies, and the possibility that future exploration, development or mining results will not be consistent with the Company's expectations; risks related to commodity price fluctuations; and other risks and uncertainties related to the Company's prospects, properties and business detailed elsewhere in the Company's disclosure record. 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2023.06.02 13:39 mightyboosh121 Culture questions?
As an young American who is still in college, (20M) nursing major, I have always been fascinated by British culture, especially people who moved from the US to the UK such as T.S. Elliot. Most people in America see British culture as very "bland", but in a weird way, I kind of like the "blandness" of that kind of lifestyle. I kind of like that you guys are a much older country than the US is cause I love history.
What do Brits value? Whether they are in the city, or in rural areas of the country, what separates you guys from Americans? Although this might be more associated with Asian culture, are you guys more of a collectivist culture compared to America's strictly individualist culture, or the same?
In terms of your entertainment, do you guys have a different theater or music scene compared to the US? I already love and watching the English Primer League compared to American sports, but do you guys play any other sports that are more popular in the UK compared to the US?
Also, I guess since I'm a nursing major, it would be fair to ask whether its better to be a nurse in the UK or the US? I know the healthcare system is free and publicly funded in the UK compared to the US, so does that affect nursing salaries, or do nurses live a good life in the UK just like they do here in the US?
Lastly, what is your food like? Is it really just fish and chips, rice pudding, and Shepard's pie, or can you find a variety of food just like in the US? (I know in Italy's food is just lot of just bread and pasta, so I didn't know if you guys kind of have the same kind of food norms like they do).
submitted by mightyboosh121 to AskABrit [link] [comments]
What do Brits value? Whether they are in the city, or in rural areas of the country, what separates you guys from Americans? Although this might be more associated with Asian culture, are you guys more of a collectivist culture compared to America's strictly individualist culture, or the same?
In terms of your entertainment, do you guys have a different theater or music scene compared to the US? I already love and watching the English Primer League compared to American sports, but do you guys play any other sports that are more popular in the UK compared to the US?
Also, I guess since I'm a nursing major, it would be fair to ask whether its better to be a nurse in the UK or the US? I know the healthcare system is free and publicly funded in the UK compared to the US, so does that affect nursing salaries, or do nurses live a good life in the UK just like they do here in the US?
Lastly, what is your food like? Is it really just fish and chips, rice pudding, and Shepard's pie, or can you find a variety of food just like in the US? (I know in Italy's food is just lot of just bread and pasta, so I didn't know if you guys kind of have the same kind of food norms like they do).
2023.06.02 13:38 MadLove1348 Theory on the “shocking news”
I think this comes in the form of a post reunion confessional, NOT Andy one on one interview. It seems like Andy does not know what this information is or could be. I think after the reunion, Rachel calls production to add something to a confessional. What it is, I of course am not sure, but I think in part it includes that Sandoval was telling her they had not slept together since the affair began. This is why she was fishing for information from Ariana on her sex life in the original finale, as well as, questioning him in the trailer during the reunion. She could want a chance to film her real side of the story (not what Tom has coached her on) out of anger when she learns that Tom saying they hadn’t had sex in 8 months, really means sex monthly. Maybe Tom played in hard to the, “she’s going to kill herself if I leave story” and, “she knows but doesn’t want to admit it/care,” and Rachel bought it. Doesn’t add up to why she would associate herself with him after other than she’s weak as hell and the world despises her, but would make sense why Shwartz says their relationship is toxic during his manic outburst on WWHL.
submitted by MadLove1348 to Vanderpumpaholics [link] [comments]
2023.06.02 13:38 hey-mr-curiosity 原始佛教「五蘊」其實是指「一切外在與內在的虛假訊息的接收方式」Original Buddhism’s “Five Aggregates” actually refer to “the ways of receiving all external and internal false information”
原始佛教「五蘊」其實是指「一切外在與內在的虛假訊息的接收方式」Original Buddhism’s “Five Aggregates” actually refer to “the ways of receiving all external and internal false information”
對佛教有少許認識的朋友相信對摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita並不陌生，在心經中的第一句：
Friends who have some knowledge of Buddhism are likely familiar with the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita. In the first sentence of the Heart Sutra, it says:
觀自在菩薩，行深般若波羅密多時，照見五蘊皆空，渡一切苦厄。 摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita這句話用原始佛教的概念的解析是：
The original meaning from a primitive buddhism perspective:
覺知和平等心的禪修可使人超脫並到達彼岸。並當在般若智慧深入到某一個階段時，可以達到色、受、想、行、識皆停止運作的狀態，並可以超脫於所有痛苦和煩惱。
Meditation on mindfulness and equanimity can lead people to transcendence and reach the other shore. When prajna wisdom reaches a certain stage, it can achieve a state where the functions of form, sensation, perception, mental formations, and consciousness all cease, and one can transcend all suffering and afflictions.
在這裡的「五蘊」其實是照應著心經這句：
The “five aggregates” within actually correspond to the sentence in the Heart Sutra which says:
依般若波羅密多故，心無罣礙。 摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita這句說話原意是指「通過修行般若智慧的方法，心再沒有任何阻礙。」
The original meaning of this sentence is “Through the practice of the method of Prajna wisdom, the mind no longer has any obstacles.”
所以我們的「心」會因為「五蘊」而被阻礙。其實「五蘊」原意是指「我們受困於身體制造給我們自己的空相訊息」。
So our “mind” is obstructed by the “five aggregates.” In fact, the original meaning of the “five aggregates” refers to our being trapped in the empty appearances that the body creates for us.
以下有一些日常生活作為例子去說明「五蘊」如何影響我們，如何令我們「心」有所礙，顯意識失去控制。
Here are some examples from daily life to explain how the “five aggregates” affect us, how they hinder our “mind”, and how they cause our consciousness to lose control:
色蘊（Form）－眼、耳、鼻、舌、身的訊息供應Pāli रूप (rūpa)－ Sensory information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body
我們從人體所提供給我們的感觀無時無刻都會在外界吸收大量訊息，例如「視覺」、「聽覺」、「味覺」、「嗅覺」與「觸覺」。這些訊息也會作為一種內在的刺激而引起潛意識對顯意識產生「依附」。人體一切的感官接收的訊息其實是外界對人體的刺激，我們並不知道其本質但又因為「色蘊」對外界產生執著。We absorb a large amount of information from the external world through the senses provided by the human body, such as “sight”, “hearing”, “taste”, “smell”, and “touch”. These pieces of information can also serve as internal stimuli, causing the subconscious to become ‘attached’ to the consciousness. All sensory information received by the human body is actually external stimuli, and we do not know their nature, but due to the “form aggregate”, we develop an attachment to the external world.
「相由心生」其實出自佛教用語，所謂的「相」是指所有一切你認為客觀存在的事物，都是由「心」所生，和一個人的外在沒有任何關係。我們人體有很多感官可以令我們透過視覺、聽覺、觸覺、味覺、嗅覺等去感知一種事物不同的面向，在原始佛教中認為，一切經由我們在意識下的感官所感知到的一切事物，其實只是我們創造出給自己的刺激。例如我們感知到一朵花的顏色其實是經由光線折射到我們的視網膜反映出來，客觀並不存在所謂的顏色。而聲音只是經由空氣的震動傳到我們的耳朵內的聽覺感知元件，客觀並不存在所謂的聲音。味覺與嗅覺只是我們人體的感知機制讓我們聞和吃到不同的味道，客觀並不存在所謂的味道。以上種種人體感知功能如果換作另一種動物，更可能有另一種因為不同物種之間感知功能的差異導致對客觀事物有不同的體會。
“Appearance arises from the mind” actually comes from Buddhist terminology. The so-called “Xiang(Appearance)” refers to all things you consider to exist objectively, which are all born from the “mind” and have nothing to do with a person’s external appearance. Our human body has many senses that allow us to perceive different aspects of a thing through vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, etc. In primitive Buddhism, it is believed that everything perceived by our senses under consciousness is actually only a stimulation we create for ourselves. For example, the color we perceive from a flower is actually reflected by the light refracted onto our retina. There is no objective existence of color. Sound is only perceived through the auditory sensing component in our ears by the vibration of air, and there is no objective existence of sound. Taste and smell are just our sensory mechanisms that allow us to smell and taste different flavors, and there is no objective existence of taste. All of these human sensory functions, if applied to another animal, may lead to different perceptions of objective things due to differences in sensory functions between different species.
例子一：一名陌生男士在路上遇見一名陌生女士。
Example 1: A stranger meets a woman on the street.
例子二：艾倫在家裡看見蟑螂
Example 2: Alan sees a cockroach at home.
受蘊（feeling)－個人內在感受Pāli वेदना (vedanā)－ Personal internal sensations
從「色蘊」得到外在訊息後會產生內在感受。例如覺得有「好感」、產生情慾、覺得恐懼、嘔心討厭等等。After receiving external information through the “form aggregate”, we generate internal sensations. For example, we may feel “attraction”, experience desire, and feel fear, or disgust.
例子一：陌生男士因為透過視覺或者嗅覺等等感官刺激產生對陌生女士的「莫名好感」。
Example 1: The stranger develops an inexplicable “liking” for the woman due to sensory stimulation such as visual or olfactory cues.
例子二：艾倫因為因為透過視覺或者觸覺等等感官刺激對蟑螂的恐懼、嘔心討厭等等感覺。 Example 2: Alan experiences fear, disgust, and other negative emotions toward cockroaches due to sensory stimulation such as visual or tactile cues.
想蘊（perceptions）－想像，慨念Pāli सञ्ञा (saññā)－ Imagination and concepts
因在「受蘊」引起的內在刺激下引起進一步的想像，不能自拔。Due to the internal stimuli caused by the “feeling aggregate”, the individual’s imagination is further aroused, and they become unable to extricate themselves from their thoughts.
例子一：陌生男士開始對該陌生女士產生幻想，例如性幻想、幻想與陌生女士有進一步的接觸、幻想和期待下一次的邂逅。
Example 1: The stranger begins to have fantasies about the woman, such as sexual fantasies, fantasies of further contact with her, and fantasies of the next encounter.
例子二：艾倫開始幻想蟑螂會爬上他的身體，或者在晚上睡覺時進入他的口和耳。
Example 2: Alan begins to imagine that cockroaches will crawl on their body or enter their mouth and ears while they sleep at night.
行蘊（Activity)－意識引起的外在行為Pāli सङ्खार (saṅkhāra)－ external behavior caused by consciousness
受到「受蘊」和「想蘊」的影響，身體開始被潛意識操控引起肉體一系列的行為。Influenced by the “feeling aggregate” and the ‘perception aggregate”, the body begins to be controlled by the subconscious, leading to a series of physical behaviors.
例子一：開始接近陌生女士並提出希望與其交換聯絡方法。更甚會對該女人作出性騷擾，甚至強姦。
Example 1: The stranger begins to approach the woman and proposes to exchange contact information. In more extreme cases, they may sexually harass or even rape the woman.
例子二：艾倫如果感受到恐懼、嘔心討厭等情緒，會馬上逃離現場，更甚或會暈到。如果是感受到嘔心討厭或會不斷蟑螂作出攻擊性行為。
Example 2: If Alan feels fear, disgust, or other negative emotions, they may immediately flee from the scene or even faint. If they feel disgusted, they may exhibit defensive or aggressive behavior towards the cockroach.
識蘊－潛意識對我們的影響，例如本能、過去的經歷以及因生活經驗形成的性格等等Pāli विञ्ञाण (viññāṇa)－ The influence of the subconscious on us, such as instincts, past experiences, and the formation of our personality based on life experiences.
並不是所有外在和內在訊息都能引起潛意識依附，潛意識依附的條件與我們的本能、過去的經歷以及所形成的性格等等有關。潛意識包含著大量訊息，在日常生活中潛意識會在我們不知情的情況下紀錄各種外在和內在訊息。我們無時無刻都會受到潛意識的影響，觸發起潛意識的某種感覺記憶和動物性本能就會引起潛意識對顯意識的「依附」，但當中的因果關係非常隱閉、複雜並不可思議，我們很難在沒有對自己意識的觀察下知道自己念頭和情緒慾望的起因。當「依附」開始時潛意識會產生大量念頭，顯意識不知不覺被這些念頭所影響，當顯意識投入到念頭當中就會進一步產生慾望和情緒。Not all external and internal information can trigger subconscious attachment. The conditions for subconscious attachment are related to our instincts, past experiences, and the formation of our personality. The subconscious contains a large amount of information, and in daily life, the subconscious records various external and internal information without our knowledge. We are constantly influenced by the subconscious, and when a certain feeling memory or animal instinct is triggered, it will cause the subconscious to become ‘attached’ to the consciousness. However, the causal relationship between them is very hidden, complex, and unimaginable, and it is difficult for us to know the cause of our thoughts and emotional desires without observing our own consciousness. When attachment begins, the subconscious produces a large number of thoughts, and the consciousness is unconsciously influenced by these thoughts. When the consciousness is immersed in these thoughts, it will further generate desires and emotions.
例子一：一個人的美醜本無一個客觀標準，都是主觀感受。但陌生男士可能因其過去的經歷或者在小時候對母親的依戀，自行發展和定義出對「美」的主觀標準，所以才會對陌生女士產生情緒和慾望。
Example 1: Beauty and ugliness have no objective standards and are all subjective feelings. However, the stranger may have developed and defined his own subjective standards for ‘beauty’ based on his past experiences or attachment to his mother in childhood, which is why he has emotions and desires towards the woman.
例子二：艾倫可能童年對蟑螂的外觀或體型的厭惡反應太強烈，或基於某種與蟑螂有關的原因所產生的恐懼，所以才會如此恐懼蟑螂。
Example 2: Alan may have had a strong aversion to the appearance or size of cockroaches in childhood, or developed a fear based on some association with cockroaches, leading to their fear of cockroaches now.
最後 Finally
很多人非常沉迷神秘主義，將心經最後的咒語視為修行至寶。但其實心經的第一句就已經總結了原始佛教修行的核心。就是透過內觀冥想修行般若智慧可以「覺有情，渡眾生」，在心裡認知和明白我們所受到的任何外在與內在的對顯意識的剌激都是虛假，並在內觀冥想中理解和體會這些現象是虛假後，可以解脫於一切痛苦。Many people are deeply addicted to mysticism and view the mantra at the end of the Heart Sutra as a treasure for spiritual practice. However, the first sentence of the Heart Sutra has already summarized the core of original Buddhist practice. Through introspective meditation, Prajna wisdom can be attained, which enables us to “perceive the existence of all sentient beings and liberate them from suffering.” By recognizing and understanding in our hearts that any external or internal stimuli we receive, which affect our consciousness, are all false, and by comprehending these phenomena as false in introspective meditation, we can be liberated from all suffering.
2023.06.02 13:36 hey-mr-curiosity 原始佛教「五蘊」其實是指「一切外在與內在的虛假訊息的接收方式」Original Buddhism’s “Five Aggregates” actually refer to “the ways of receiving all external and internal false information”
原始佛教「五蘊」其實是指「一切外在與內在的虛假訊息的接收方式」Original Buddhism’s “Five Aggregates” actually refer to “the ways of receiving all external and internal false information”
對佛教有少許認識的朋友相信對摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita並不陌生，在心經中的第一句：
Friends who have some knowledge of Buddhism are likely familiar with the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita. In the first sentence of the Heart Sutra, it says:
觀自在菩薩，行深般若波羅密多時，照見五蘊皆空，渡一切苦厄。 摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita這句話用原始佛教的概念的解析是：
The original meaning from a primitive buddhism perspective:
覺知和平等心的禪修可使人超脫並到達彼岸。並當在般若智慧深入到某一個階段時，可以達到色、受、想、行、識皆停止運作的狀態，並可以超脫於所有痛苦和煩惱。
Meditation on mindfulness and equanimity can lead people to transcendence and reach the other shore. When prajna wisdom reaches a certain stage, it can achieve a state where the functions of form, sensation, perception, mental formations, and consciousness all cease, and one can transcend all suffering and afflictions.
在這裡的「五蘊」其實是照應著心經這句：
The “five aggregates” within actually correspond to the sentence in the Heart Sutra which says:
依般若波羅密多故，心無罣礙。 摩訶般若波羅密多心經 the Heart Sutra of Prajnaparamita這句說話原意是指「通過修行般若智慧的方法，心再沒有任何阻礙。」
The original meaning of this sentence is “Through the practice of the method of Prajna wisdom, the mind no longer has any obstacles.”
所以我們的「心」會因為「五蘊」而被阻礙。其實「五蘊」原意是指「我們受困於身體制造給我們自己的空相訊息」。
So our “mind” is obstructed by the “five aggregates.” In fact, the original meaning of the “five aggregates” refers to our being trapped in the empty appearances that the body creates for us.
以下有一些日常生活作為例子去說明「五蘊」如何影響我們，如何令我們「心」有所礙，顯意識失去控制。
Here are some examples from daily life to explain how the “five aggregates” affect us, how they hinder our “mind”, and how they cause our consciousness to lose control:
色蘊（Form）－眼、耳、鼻、舌、身的訊息供應Pāli रूप (rūpa)－ Sensory information from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and body
我們從人體所提供給我們的感觀無時無刻都會在外界吸收大量訊息，例如「視覺」、「聽覺」、「味覺」、「嗅覺」與「觸覺」。這些訊息也會作為一種內在的刺激而引起潛意識對顯意識產生「依附」。人體一切的感官接收的訊息其實是外界對人體的刺激，我們並不知道其本質但又因為「色蘊」對外界產生執著。We absorb a large amount of information from the external world through the senses provided by the human body, such as “sight”, “hearing”, “taste”, “smell”, and “touch”. These pieces of information can also serve as internal stimuli, causing the subconscious to become ‘attached’ to the consciousness. All sensory information received by the human body is actually external stimuli, and we do not know their nature, but due to the “form aggregate”, we develop an attachment to the external world.
「相由心生」其實出自佛教用語，所謂的「相」是指所有一切你認為客觀存在的事物，都是由「心」所生，和一個人的外在沒有任何關係。我們人體有很多感官可以令我們透過視覺、聽覺、觸覺、味覺、嗅覺等去感知一種事物不同的面向，在原始佛教中認為，一切經由我們在意識下的感官所感知到的一切事物，其實只是我們創造出給自己的刺激。例如我們感知到一朵花的顏色其實是經由光線折射到我們的視網膜反映出來，客觀並不存在所謂的顏色。而聲音只是經由空氣的震動傳到我們的耳朵內的聽覺感知元件，客觀並不存在所謂的聲音。味覺與嗅覺只是我們人體的感知機制讓我們聞和吃到不同的味道，客觀並不存在所謂的味道。以上種種人體感知功能如果換作另一種動物，更可能有另一種因為不同物種之間感知功能的差異導致對客觀事物有不同的體會。
“Appearance arises from the mind” actually comes from Buddhist terminology. The so-called “Xiang(Appearance)” refers to all things you consider to exist objectively, which are all born from the “mind” and have nothing to do with a person’s external appearance. Our human body has many senses that allow us to perceive different aspects of a thing through vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, etc. In primitive Buddhism, it is believed that everything perceived by our senses under consciousness is actually only a stimulation we create for ourselves. For example, the color we perceive from a flower is actually reflected by the light refracted onto our retina. There is no objective existence of color. Sound is only perceived through the auditory sensing component in our ears by the vibration of air, and there is no objective existence of sound. Taste and smell are just our sensory mechanisms that allow us to smell and taste different flavors, and there is no objective existence of taste. All of these human sensory functions, if applied to another animal, may lead to different perceptions of objective things due to differences in sensory functions between different species.
例子一：一名陌生男士在路上遇見一名陌生女士。
Example 1: A stranger meets a woman on the street.
例子二：艾倫在家裡看見蟑螂
Example 2: Alan sees a cockroach at home.
受蘊（feeling)－個人內在感受Pāli वेदना (vedanā)－ Personal internal sensations
從「色蘊」得到外在訊息後會產生內在感受。例如覺得有「好感」、產生情慾、覺得恐懼、嘔心討厭等等。After receiving external information through the “form aggregate”, we generate internal sensations. For example, we may feel “attraction”, experience desire, and feel fear, or disgust.
例子一：陌生男士因為透過視覺或者嗅覺等等感官刺激產生對陌生女士的「莫名好感」。
Example 1: The stranger develops an inexplicable “liking” for the woman due to sensory stimulation such as visual or olfactory cues.
例子二：艾倫因為因為透過視覺或者觸覺等等感官刺激對蟑螂的恐懼、嘔心討厭等等感覺。 Example 2: Alan experiences fear, disgust, and other negative emotions toward cockroaches due to sensory stimulation such as visual or tactile cues.
想蘊（perceptions）－想像，慨念Pāli सञ्ञा (saññā)－ Imagination and concepts
因在「受蘊」引起的內在刺激下引起進一步的想像，不能自拔。Due to the internal stimuli caused by the “feeling aggregate”, the individual’s imagination is further aroused, and they become unable to extricate themselves from their thoughts.
例子一：陌生男士開始對該陌生女士產生幻想，例如性幻想、幻想與陌生女士有進一步的接觸、幻想和期待下一次的邂逅。
Example 1: The stranger begins to have fantasies about the woman, such as sexual fantasies, fantasies of further contact with her, and fantasies of the next encounter.
例子二：艾倫開始幻想蟑螂會爬上他的身體，或者在晚上睡覺時進入他的口和耳。
Example 2: Alan begins to imagine that cockroaches will crawl on their body or enter their mouth and ears while they sleep at night.
行蘊（Activity)－意識引起的外在行為Pāli सङ्खार (saṅkhāra)－ external behavior caused by consciousness
受到「受蘊」和「想蘊」的影響，身體開始被潛意識操控引起肉體一系列的行為。Influenced by the “feeling aggregate” and the ‘perception aggregate”, the body begins to be controlled by the subconscious, leading to a series of physical behaviors.
例子一：開始接近陌生女士並提出希望與其交換聯絡方法。更甚會對該女人作出性騷擾，甚至強姦。
Example 1: The stranger begins to approach the woman and proposes to exchange contact information. In more extreme cases, they may sexually harass or even rape the woman.
例子二：艾倫如果感受到恐懼、嘔心討厭等情緒，會馬上逃離現場，更甚或會暈到。如果是感受到嘔心討厭或會不斷蟑螂作出攻擊性行為。
Example 2: If Alan feels fear, disgust, or other negative emotions, they may immediately flee from the scene or even faint. If they feel disgusted, they may exhibit defensive or aggressive behavior towards the cockroach.
識蘊－潛意識對我們的影響，例如本能、過去的經歷以及因生活經驗形成的性格等等Pāli विञ्ञाण (viññāṇa)－ The influence of the subconscious on us, such as instincts, past experiences, and the formation of our personality based on life experiences.
並不是所有外在和內在訊息都能引起潛意識依附，潛意識依附的條件與我們的本能、過去的經歷以及所形成的性格等等有關。潛意識包含著大量訊息，在日常生活中潛意識會在我們不知情的情況下紀錄各種外在和內在訊息。我們無時無刻都會受到潛意識的影響，觸發起潛意識的某種感覺記憶和動物性本能就會引起潛意識對顯意識的「依附」，但當中的因果關係非常隱閉、複雜並不可思議，我們很難在沒有對自己意識的觀察下知道自己念頭和情緒慾望的起因。當「依附」開始時潛意識會產生大量念頭，顯意識不知不覺被這些念頭所影響，當顯意識投入到念頭當中就會進一步產生慾望和情緒。Not all external and internal information can trigger subconscious attachment. The conditions for subconscious attachment are related to our instincts, past experiences, and the formation of our personality. The subconscious contains a large amount of information, and in daily life, the subconscious records various external and internal information without our knowledge. We are constantly influenced by the subconscious, and when a certain feeling memory or animal instinct is triggered, it will cause the subconscious to become ‘attached’ to the consciousness. However, the causal relationship between them is very hidden, complex, and unimaginable, and it is difficult for us to know the cause of our thoughts and emotional desires without observing our own consciousness. When attachment begins, the subconscious produces a large number of thoughts, and the consciousness is unconsciously influenced by these thoughts. When the consciousness is immersed in these thoughts, it will further generate desires and emotions.
例子一：一個人的美醜本無一個客觀標準，都是主觀感受。但陌生男士可能因其過去的經歷或者在小時候對母親的依戀，自行發展和定義出對「美」的主觀標準，所以才會對陌生女士產生情緒和慾望。
Example 1: Beauty and ugliness have no objective standards and are all subjective feelings. However, the stranger may have developed and defined his own subjective standards for ‘beauty’ based on his past experiences or attachment to his mother in childhood, which is why he has emotions and desires towards the woman.
例子二：艾倫可能童年對蟑螂的外觀或體型的厭惡反應太強烈，或基於某種與蟑螂有關的原因所產生的恐懼，所以才會如此恐懼蟑螂。
Example 2: Alan may have had a strong aversion to the appearance or size of cockroaches in childhood, or developed a fear based on some association with cockroaches, leading to their fear of cockroaches now.
最後 Finally
很多人非常沉迷神秘主義，將心經最後的咒語視為修行至寶。但其實心經的第一句就已經總結了原始佛教修行的核心。就是透過內觀冥想修行般若智慧可以「覺有情，渡眾生」，在心裡認知和明白我們所受到的任何外在與內在的對顯意識的剌激都是虛假，並在內觀冥想中理解和體會這些現象是虛假後，可以解脫於一切痛苦。Many people are deeply addicted to mysticism and view the mantra at the end of the Heart Sutra as a treasure for spiritual practice. However, the first sentence of the Heart Sutra has already summarized the core of original Buddhist practice. Through introspective meditation, Prajna wisdom can be attained, which enables us to “perceive the existence of all sentient beings and liberate them from suffering.” By recognizing and understanding in our hearts that any external or internal stimuli we receive, which affect our consciousness, are all false, and by comprehending these phenomena as false in introspective meditation, we can be liberated from all suffering.
2023.06.02 13:35 octaffle [Photo Friday] The internet was made for cat pictures but today it's all about dog pictures
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2023.06.02 13:35 continuak Separating Reality from Myth: Busting Popular Myths About Autism
Autism is a neurological condition that affects the development and functioning of the brain. It is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Over the years, there have been several myths and misconceptions surrounding autism, leading to misunderstandings and stigma. In this article, we will debunk common autism myths and facts and provide factual information about autism. We will also discuss the best autism treatment options available in India.
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