Hi, yesterday I installed a couple mods for fabric, and one of them must be out dated. Can anyone help me?
Crash Report:
---- Minecraft Crash Report ----
// Daisy, daisy...
​
Time: 2023-06-01 06:30:57
Description: Initializing game
​
java.lang.RuntimeException: Mixin transformation of net.minecraft.class_309 failed

`at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.getPostMixinClassByteArray(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:427`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:427)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.tryLoadClass(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:323`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:323)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.loadClass(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:218`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:218)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassLoader.loadClass(`[`KnotClassLoader.java:112`](https://KnotClassLoader.java:112)`)` `at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(`[`ClassLoader.java:520`](https://ClassLoader.java:520)`)` `at net.minecraft.class_310.(class_310.java:514)` `at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(`[`Main.java:198`](https://Main.java:198)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(`[`MinecraftGameProvider.java:468`](https://MinecraftGameProvider.java:468)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.Knot.launch(`[`Knot.java:74`](https://Knot.java:74)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClient.main(`[`KnotClient.java:23`](https://KnotClient.java:23)`)` 

Caused by: org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.throwables.MixinTransformerError: An unexpected critical error was encountered

`at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(`[`MixinProcessor.java:392`](https://MixinProcessor.java:392)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinTransformer.transformClass(`[`MixinTransformer.java:234`](https://MixinTransformer.java:234)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinTransformer.transformClassBytes(`[`MixinTransformer.java:202`](https://MixinTransformer.java:202)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.getPostMixinClassByteArray(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:422`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:422)`)` `... 9 more` 

Caused by: org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.throwables.MixinApplyError: Mixin [cloth-client-events-v0.mixins.json:MixinKeyboard from mod cloth-client-events-v0] from phase [DEFAULT] in config [cloth-client-events-v0.mixins.json] FAILED during APPLY

`at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.handleMixinError(`[`MixinProcessor.java:638`](https://MixinProcessor.java:638)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.handleMixinApplyError(`[`MixinProcessor.java:589`](https://MixinProcessor.java:589)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(`[`MixinProcessor.java:379`](https://MixinProcessor.java:379)`)` `... 12 more` 

Caused by: org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.throwables.InvalidMixinException: u/Shadow field field_1683 was not located in the target class net.minecraft.class_309. Using refmap cloth-client-events-v0-cloth-client-events-v0-refmap.json

`at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinPreProcessorStandard.attachFields(`[`MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:624`](https://MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:624)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinPreProcessorStandard.attach(`[`MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:302`](https://MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:302)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinPreProcessorStandard.createContextFor(`[`MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:277`](https://MixinPreProcessorStandard.java:277)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinInfo.createContextFor(`[`MixinInfo.java:1289`](https://MixinInfo.java:1289)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinApplicatorStandard.apply(`[`MixinApplicatorStandard.java:294`](https://MixinApplicatorStandard.java:294)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.TargetClassContext.apply(`[`TargetClassContext.java:421`](https://TargetClassContext.java:421)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.TargetClassContext.applyMixins(`[`TargetClassContext.java:403`](https://TargetClassContext.java:403)`)` `at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(`[`MixinProcessor.java:363`](https://MixinProcessor.java:363)`)` `... 12 more` 

​
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A detailed walkthrough of the error, its code path and all known details is as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
​
-- Head --
Thread: Render thread
Stacktrace:

`at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.getPostMixinClassByteArray(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:427`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:427)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.tryLoadClass(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:323`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:323)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.loadClass(`[`KnotClassDelegate.java:218`](https://KnotClassDelegate.java:218)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassLoader.loadClass(`[`KnotClassLoader.java:112`](https://KnotClassLoader.java:112)`)` `at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(`[`ClassLoader.java:520`](https://ClassLoader.java:520)`)` `at net.minecraft.class_310.(class_310.java:514)` 

​
-- Initialization --
Details:

`Modules:` `ADVAPI32.dll:Advanced Windows 32 Base API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `COMCTL32.dll:User Experience Controls Library:6.10 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `CRYPT32.dll:Crypto API32:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `CRYPTBASE.dll:Base cryptographic API DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `CRYPTSP.dll:Cryptographic Service Provider API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `CoreMessaging.dll:Microsoft CoreMessaging Dll:10.0.22621.1465 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `DBGHELP.DLL:Windows Image Helper:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `DEVOBJ.dll:Device Information Set DLL:10.0.22621.1325 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `DNSAPI.dll:DNS Client API DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `GDI32.dll:GDI Client DLL:10.0.22621.1825 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `GLU32.dll:OpenGL Utility Library DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `IMM32.DLL:Multi-User Windows IMM32 API Client DLL:10.0.22621.1325 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `IPHLPAPI.DLL:IP Helper API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `KERNEL32.DLL:Windows NT BASE API Client DLL:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `KERNELBASE.dll:Windows NT BASE API Client DLL:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `MSASN1.dll:ASN.1 Runtime APIs:10.0.22621.891 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `MSCTF.dll:MSCTF Server DLL:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `MpOav.dll:IOfficeAntiVirus Module:4.18.23050.3 (91cf713774e4083376800dd3a1236363c5e087f6):Microsoft Corporation` `NSI.dll:NSI User-mode interface DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `NTASN1.dll:Microsoft ASN.1 API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `OLEAUT32.dll:OLEAUT32.DLL:10.0.22621.436 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `Ole32.dll:Microsoft OLE for Windows:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `Oleacc.dll:Active Accessibility Core Component:7.2.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `PSAPI.DLL:Process Status Helper:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `Pdh.dll:Windows Performance Data Helper DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `RPCRT4.dll:Remote Procedure Call Runtime:10.0.22621.1325 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `SHCORE.dll:SHCORE:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `SHELL32.dll:Windows Shell Common Dll:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `UMPDC.dll:User Mode Power Dependency Coordinator:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `USER32.dll:Multi-User Windows USER API Client DLL:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `USERENV.dll:Userenv:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `VCRUNTIME140.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30139.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation` `VERSION.dll:Version Checking and File Installation Libraries:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `WINHTTP.dll:Windows HTTP Services:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `WINMM.dll:MCI API DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `WINTRUST.dll:Microsoft Trust Verification APIs:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `WS2_32.dll:Windows Socket 2.0 32-Bit DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `WSOCK32.dll:Windows Socket 32-Bit DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `amsi.dll:Anti-Malware Scan Interface:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `bcrypt.dll:Windows Cryptographic Primitives Library:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `bcryptPrimitives.dll:Windows Cryptographic Primitives Library:10.0.22621.1175 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `cfgmgr32.dll:Configuration Manager DLL:10.0.22621.746 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `clbcatq.dll:COM+ Configuration Catalog:2001.12.10941.16384 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `combase.dll:Microsoft COM for Windows:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dbgcore.DLL:Windows Core Debugging Helpers:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dhcpcsvc.DLL:DHCP Client Service:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dhcpcsvc6.DLL:DHCPv6 Client:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dinput8.dll:Microsoft DirectInput:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `directxdatabasehelper.dll:DirectXDatabaseHelper:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dwmapi.dll:Microsoft Desktop Window Manager API:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dxcore.dll:DXCore:10.0.22621.1825 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `dxgi.dll:DirectX Graphics Infrastructure:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `fwpuclnt.dll:FWP/IPsec User-Mode API:10.0.22621.1680 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `gdi32full.dll:GDI Client DLL:10.0.22621.1825 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `glfw.dll:GLFW 3.4.0 DLL:3.4.0:GLFW` `icm32.dll:Microsoft Color Management Module (CMM):10.0.22621.586 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `igc64.dll:Intel Graphics Shader Compiler for Intel(R) Graphics Accelerator:31.0.101.4146:Intel Corporation` `igdgmm64.dll:User Mode Driver for Intel(R) Graphics Technology:31.0.101.4146:Intel Corporation` `igdml64.dll:Metrics Library for Intel(R) Graphics Technology:31.0.101.4146:Intel Corporation` `igxelpicd64.dll:OpenGL(R) Driver for Intel(R) Graphics Accelerator:31.0.101.4146:Intel Corporation` `inputhost.dll:InputHost:10.0.22621.1325 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `java.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `javaw.exe:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `jemalloc.dll` `jimage.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `jli.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `jna1244700384455958583.dll:JNA native library:6.1.4:Java(TM) Native Access (JNA)` `jsvml.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `jvm.dll:OpenJDK 64-Bit server VM:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `kernel.appcore.dll:AppModel API Host:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `lwjgl.dll` `lwjgl_opengl.dll` `lwjgl_stb.dll` `management.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `management_ext.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `mdnsNSP.dll:Bonjour Namespace Provider:3,1,0,1:Apple Inc.` `mscms.dll:Microsoft Colour Matching System DLL:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `msvcp140.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30139.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation` `msvcp_win.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:10.0.22621.436 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `msvcrt.dll:Windows NT CRT DLL:7.0.22621.436 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `mswsock.dll:Microsoft Windows Sockets 2.0 Service Provider:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `napinsp.dll:E-mail Naming Shim Provider:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `ncrypt.dll:Windows NCrypt Router:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `net.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `nio.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `nlansp_c.dll:NLA Namespace Service Provider DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `ntdll.dll:NT Layer DLL:10.0.22621.1537 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `opengl32.dll:OpenGL Client DLL:10.0.22621.1465 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `opus4j.dll` `perfos.dll:Windows System Performance Objects DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `pfclient.dll:SysMain Client:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `pnrpnsp.dll:PNRP Name Space Provider:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `powrprof.dll:Power Profile Helper DLL:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `profapi.dll:User Profile Basic API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `rasadhlp.dll:Remote Access AutoDial Helper:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `rsaenh.dll:Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `sechost.dll:Host for SCM/SDDL/LSA Lookup APIs:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `shlwapi.dll:Shell Light-weight Utility Library:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `sunmscapi.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `textinputframework.dll:"TextInputFramework.DYNLINK":10.0.22621.1825 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `ucrtbase.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:10.0.22621.436 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `uxtheme.dll:Microsoft UxTheme Library:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `vcruntime140_1.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30139.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation` `verify.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` `win32u.dll:Win32u:10.0.22621.1470 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `windows.storage.dll:Microsoft WinRT Storage API:10.0.22621.1778 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `winrnr.dll:LDAP RnR Provider DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `wintypes.dll:Windows Base Types DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `wshbth.dll:Windows Sockets Helper DLL:10.0.22621.1680 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `wshunix.dll:AF_UNIX Winsock2 Helper DLL:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `xinput1_4.dll:Microsoft Common Controller API:10.0.22621.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation` `zip.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.3.0:Microsoft` 

Stacktrace:

`at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(`[`Main.java:198`](https://Main.java:198)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(`[`MinecraftGameProvider.java:468`](https://MinecraftGameProvider.java:468)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.Knot.launch(`[`Knot.java:74`](https://Knot.java:74)`)` `at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClient.main(`[`KnotClient.java:23`](https://KnotClient.java:23)`)` 

​
-- System Details --
Details:

`Minecraft Version: 1.19.4` `Minecraft Version ID: 1.19.4` `Operating System: Windows 10 (amd64) version 10.0` `Java Version: 17.0.3, Microsoft` `Java VM Version: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (mixed mode), Microsoft` `Memory: 188801600 bytes (180 MiB) / 436207616 bytes (416 MiB) up to 2147483648 bytes (2048 MiB)` `CPUs: 8` `Processor Vendor: GenuineIntel` `Processor Name: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz` `Identifier: Intel64 Family 6 Model 140 Stepping 1` `Microarchitecture: Tiger Lake` `Frequency (GHz): 2.42` `Number of physical packages: 1` `Number of physical CPUs: 4` `Number of logical CPUs: 8` `Graphics card #0 name: Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics` `Graphics card #0 vendor: Intel Corporation (0x8086)` `Graphics card #0 VRAM (MB): 1024.00` `Graphics card #0 deviceId: 0x9a49` `Graphics card #0 versionInfo: DriverVersion=31.0.101.4146` `Memory slot #0 capacity (MB): 4096.00` `Memory slot #0 clockSpeed (GHz): 3.20` `Memory slot #0 type: DDR4` `Memory slot #1 capacity (MB): 4096.00` `Memory slot #1 clockSpeed (GHz): 3.20` `Memory slot #1 type: DDR4` `Virtual memory max (MB): 30462.93` `Virtual memory used (MB): 22448.21` `Swap memory total (MB): 22602.53` `Swap memory used (MB): 3354.25` `JVM Flags: 9 total; -XX:HeapDumpPath=MojangTricksIntelDriversForPerformance_javaw.exe_minecraft.exe.heapdump -Xss1M -Xmx2G -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1NewSizePercent=20 -XX:G1ReservePercent=20 -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=32M` `Fabric Mods:` `cloth-api: Cloth API 4.0.65` `cloth-basic-math: cloth-basic-math 0.6.1` `cloth-client-events-v0: Cloth Client Events v0 4.0.65` `cloth-common-events-v1: Cloth Common Events v1 4.0.65` `cloth-scissors-api-v1: Cloth Scissors API v1 4.0.65` `cloth-utils-v1: Cloth Utils v1 4.0.65` `fabric-api: Fabric API 0.81.1+1.19.4` `fabric-api-base: Fabric API Base 0.4.26+1e9487d2f4` `fabric-api-lookup-api-v1: Fabric API Lookup API (v1) 1.6.27+504944c8f4` `fabric-biome-api-v1: Fabric Biome API (v1) 13.0.8+348a9c64f4` `fabric-block-api-v1: Fabric Block API (v1) 1.0.7+e022e5d1f4` `fabric-blockrenderlayer-v1: Fabric BlockRenderLayer Registration (v1) 1.1.36+c2e6f674f4` `fabric-client-tags-api-v1: Fabric Client Tags 1.0.17+504944c8f4` `fabric-command-api-v1: Fabric Command API (v1) 1.2.29+f71b366ff4` `fabric-command-api-v2: Fabric Command API (v2) 2.2.8+504944c8f4` `fabric-commands-v0: Fabric Commands (v0) 0.2.46+df3654b3f4` `fabric-containers-v0: Fabric Containers (v0) 0.1.56+df3654b3f4` `fabric-content-registries-v0: Fabric Content Registries (v0) 3.5.11+ae0966baf4` `fabric-convention-tags-v1: Fabric Convention Tags 1.5.1+fe8721bef4` `fabric-crash-report-info-v1: Fabric Crash Report Info (v1) 0.2.16+aeb40ebef4` `fabric-data-generation-api-v1: Fabric Data Generation API (v1) 11.4.2+504944c8f4` `fabric-dimensions-v1: Fabric Dimensions API (v1) 2.1.47+7f87f8faf4` `fabric-entity-events-v1: Fabric Entity Events (v1) 1.5.15+504944c8f4` `fabric-events-interaction-v0: Fabric Events Interaction (v0) 0.5.1+76ba65ebf4` `fabric-events-lifecycle-v0: Fabric Events Lifecycle (v0) 0.2.54+df3654b3f4` `fabric-game-rule-api-v1: Fabric Game Rule API (v1) 1.0.34+a1ccd7bff4` `fabric-item-api-v1: Fabric Item API (v1) 2.1.19+504944c8f4` `fabric-item-group-api-v1: Fabric Item Group API (v1) 3.0.7+043f9acff4` `fabric-key-binding-api-v1: Fabric Key Binding API (v1) 1.0.34+504944c8f4` `fabric-keybindings-v0: Fabric Key Bindings (v0) 0.2.32+df3654b3f4` `fabric-lifecycle-events-v1: Fabric Lifecycle Events (v1) 2.2.17+1e9487d2f4` `fabric-loot-api-v2: Fabric Loot API (v2) 1.1.29+75e98211f4` `fabric-loot-tables-v1: Fabric Loot Tables (v1) 1.1.33+9e7660c6f4` `fabric-message-api-v1: Fabric Message API (v1) 5.1.3+504944c8f4` `fabric-mining-level-api-v1: Fabric Mining Level API (v1) 2.1.41+49abcf7ef4` `fabric-models-v0: Fabric Models (v0) 0.3.32+504944c8f4` `fabric-networking-api-v1: Fabric Networking API (v1) 1.3.3+504944c8f4` `fabric-networking-v0: Fabric Networking (v0) 0.3.43+df3654b3f4` `fabric-object-builder-api-v1: Fabric Object Builder API (v1) 7.0.5+504944c8f4` `fabric-particles-v1: Fabric Particles (v1) 1.0.25+f1e4495bf4` `fabric-recipe-api-v1: Fabric Recipe API (v1) 1.0.10+a1ccd7bff4` `fabric-registry-sync-v0: Fabric Registry Sync (v0) 2.2.2+504944c8f4` `fabric-renderer-api-v1: Fabric Renderer API (v1) 2.2.7+ebc93ff3f4` `fabric-renderer-indigo: Fabric Renderer - 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I’m joining UMass in the fall as a rising first year student. The housing application is supposed to have started at 12:01 today but nothing has appeared on the spire page. I’ve went on: - Housing > Room Selecton > Room Selection Home - Housing > New Students > Assignment Preferences However, nothing really is showing up.
Could someone let me know what I should do?

👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 02:59
Hello
[03:01]
Sorry for the random dm
[03:01]
I read that u were having trouble making new friends online
[03:02]
If I read correctly, you're in your 30s?
[03:02]
I am too
[03:03]
Anyway, if u wanna chat and see if we have anything in common u can shoot me a dm
[03:04]
I need friends too
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:15
​
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:16
Tell me about yourself?
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:16
Well.. I am a nerdy guy with love of science fiction and PC games.
[03:17]
That's me summed up in one sentence ha
[03:17]
How about you?
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:17
I'm a nerdy girl with a love of science fiction and games
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:18
Hey, that sounds great! What's your favourites?
[03:18]
What genres do you like?
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:18
Rn I'm obsessed with the new zelda
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:19
Oh boy I've seen the trailers, it looks absolutely stunning.
[03:20]
I actually watched a stream of Critical Role doing a one-shot Dnd campaign based of in game lore.
[03:20]
As a promotion of the game.
[03:20]
It was super cool.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:20
Aye I like DND too
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:20
Did you ever read SCPs?
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:21
I've listened to basically every SCP video on the YouTube
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:21
That's one of my go-to places when I want to read something cool.
[03:21]
Some of them are so well written it's insane.
[03:22]
What's your favorite out of the ones you know?
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:22
The sentient ball of yarn lol
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:23
Never read that one, tell me about it
[03:23]
Or tell you what, I'ma go have a quick read of it.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:24
Thank you, my memory is trash
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:24
It's the SCP-66, yes?
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:25
Unsure
[03:26]
I think maybe
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:26
That is pretty cool one for sure
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:26
Yeah sorry for being so vague, I'm like mid-migraine
[03:27]
Hard to think
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:27
Sorry to hear that. Hope it passes quickly!
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:27
Yeah ty I can still chat and everything
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:28
So I've noticed your about me says that you have some strong stances on certain topic.
[03:28]
Tell me about it if you don't mind.
[03:29]
How did you come to hold these views?
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:29
I watched Dominion on YouTube and saw the truth about animal exploitation
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:30
Would you link me the video? I'm curious to see myself.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:30
Ofc
[03:30]
https://youtu.be/LQRAfJyEsko
YouTube
Farm Transparency Project
Dominion (2018) - full documentary [Official]
​
[03:31]
It's a 2 hour documentary
[03:32]
You're honestly the first person in my almost three years of activism to actually ask to see it
[03:32]
Most people don't want to know the truth they are culpable in
[03:33]
Even bringing up veganism usually makes a person agressive towards me
[03:34]
Personality I'll take bitter truth over a comfortable lie any day
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:35
It's because of people that use veganism to feel and act morally superior to others.
[03:35]
Those people give all vegans a bad name.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:35
Yeah I used to be an asshole vegan too ahahaha
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:37
Well if you know than you are aware that it's nothing against you personally, but rather the practice of how you implement it in your life.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:37
Egoism doesn't look good on anyone
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:37
But people will remain people and not realise you can't put everyone into one basket.
[03:39]
I strive to remain an individualist. Someone who believes each person is to be evaluated separately regardless of what their beliefs and backgrouds are.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:39
Animals are individuals too
[03:40]
And deserve the same consideration
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:40
The video you provided is quite drastic. I see how it could have affected you to such extent.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:40
The video is the industry standard in every developed country, actually
[03:41]
This happens everywhere
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:41
There are differences obviously from place to place, but that is the general gist of it.
[03:41]
Although there are exceptions of course.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:41
Such as?
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:42
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8Z_fDL9C3M
YouTube
Just a Few Acres Farm
how we raise 35 Dexter cattle on 30 acres - without buying hay!
​
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:43
Regardless of how they are raised they all end up dead
[03:43]
Usually in a slaughterhouse
[03:43]
I've actually written about the ethics if you care to read it
[03:44]
I've had these conversations so much that I've made my own copypastas xD
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:44
Sure I would be glad to have a look
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:45
“Is sensory pleasure a justification for violence?” In today’s society, plant-based foods are readily available. Vegan staples such as rice, pasta, beans, legumes, fruits, and vegetables are among the most affordable food options. It is no longer necessary to exploit animals for food so why do we do it? Most people will tell you they like the taste of meat and don’t want to give it up. The interesting thing is that if taste satisfaction is a justification for needless violence, then logically other forms of sensory pleasure would also be justified. Thieves steal for the pleasure they gain from increasing their wealth and the excitement of breaking the law. Rapists rape for the pleasure they get from their victims. Serial killers kill for pleasure too. In all these forms of injustice, the wellbeing of the victims of these crimes are completely disregarded. The same is true for animal exploitation. To be logically consistent, you would have to say that all of these things are morally acceptable under the same justification. Obviously, it is not ok to steal, rape, and murder to please your senses, so the logical conclusion is that it is equally unacceptable to kill animals for taste satisfaction.
[03:46]
I have more
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Victorpollack — Today at 03:46
Bring it on
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:47
Wow you aren't even arguing, I've found a unicorn
[03:47]
Is it ok to kill an animal because they were bred for food? To be honest, it doesn’t really matter what your intentions were when you brought the animal into existence. Animals have no concept of purpose. Every animal bred for food wants to live, avoid harm, and experience wellbeing. It’s cruel to bring a creature into the world for the sole purpose of exploitation and murder, when you don’t need to. You can just live vegan.
[03:48]
Is it okay to kill an animal if you gave them a good life? No matter how you treat an animal, the bottom line is you don’t actually need to kill them. Taking their life is an unnecessary cruelty. There is no polite way to murder someone. If you went out on a date with someone and showed them a great time and then drugged the person and raped them, even if they did not experience pain and suffering, your actions are still immoral.
[03:48]
“Is it morally acceptable to kill when you don’t need to?” This is another important question. According to The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, a properly planned vegan diet is nutritionally adequate for all stages of life. Since we have established that animals are killed for sensory pleasure, we must conclude that killing them is unnecessary. Animals are sentient beings that have the will to live, avoid harm and suffering, and the desire to experience wellbeing.
[03:49]
In the meat and dairy industries, animals are forcibly impregnated via artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is the soft term the industry uses to downplay the rape and sexual exploitation of these beings. Don’t be fooled. It is rape. If this was done to a human being, it would be unacceptable, but because it is happening behind closed doors where their screams cannot be heard by you, the consumer, it is easy for the average person to shut their eyes and heart to the suffering of these innocent creatures. It’s easier to look away and tell yourself that somewhere in this monstrous industry, something humane has happened. That these animals have had a good life and a clean death. This is a comforting lie but a lie none the less.
[03:49]
“free range” and “cage free” eggs are not more humane than other eggs. These terms were coined by the egg industry to make you feel better about buying eggs, to make you think that the chickens live happy lives, free-roaming. THIS IS A LIE. Cage free and free range chickens are kept in factory sheds, much like those the egg laying hens are raised in. They suffer the same deficiencies and cruel conditions as hens raised in battery cages.
[03:50]
There is no essential nutrient found in animal products you cannot obtain elsewhere. You can be perfectly healthy on a plant based diet as acknowledged by the academy of nutrition and dietetics. It's senseless premeditated murder to participate in animal exploitation. Leave animals the fuck alone.
[03:50]
Some of these are a bit agressive, apologies
[03:50]
I wrote them a few years ago
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:51
The question of whether sensory pleasure justifies violence is a complex ethical issue that requires careful consideration. While it is true that in today's society there are abundant plant-based food options available, and it is no longer necessary to exploit animals for food, the ethical implications extend beyond mere taste satisfaction. Your analogy highlighting other forms of sensory pleasure, such as theft, rape, and murder, raises valid points about the disregard for the well-being of victims in these acts of injustice. It emphasizes the importance of considering the moral implications of our actions and the consequences they have on others. When it comes to animal exploitation for taste satisfaction, it is crucial to recognize that animals can experience pain, suffering, and have an interest in avoiding harm, much like humans do. Many people argue that because animals possess the capacity to suffer, it is morally wrong to cause them unnecessary harm for our pleasure or convenience. Ethical frameworks differ among individuals and cultures, and reasonable people may hold different perspectives on this matter. Some argue that there are instances where violence can be justified, such as self-defense or protecting others from harm. However, when it comes to exploiting animals for taste pleasure, the necessity and ethical justifiability are heavily debated.
[03:51]
Ultimately, the decision to consume animal products is a personal choice that depends on a variety of factors, including one's values, beliefs, and consideration of the moral implications involved. It is important to engage in open and respectful discussions about these issues, promoting understanding and empathy for different perspectives, while striving towards a more compassionate and sustainable world. The ethics of killing animals bred for food is a highly debated topic, and opinions vary among individuals and cultures. Some argue that if an animal has been bred and raised for the specific purpose of being food, then it is acceptable to kill them for that purpose. They may contend that these animals would not exist if it weren't for the demand for their meat, and thus their lives have some inherent value in fulfilling their intended purpose. On the other hand, there are those who believe that breeding animals for the sole purpose of exploitation and slaughter is inherently cruel. They argue that animals have their own interests in life, to live, avoid harm, and experience well-being, regardless of the intentions behind their breeding. They advocate for a more compassionate approach, suggesting that we should prioritize the well-being of these animals and work towards reducing or eliminating their suffering by adopting a vegan lifestyle. It is important to note that these viewpoints stem from differing ethical frameworks and values. Ultimately, the decision on whether it is acceptable to kill animals bred for food is a personal choice that depends on one's beliefs and moral considerations. Engaging in respectful discussions and considering the perspectives of others can help foster understanding and empathy on this complex issue. It is essential to approach these conversations with an open mind and a willingness to explore different viewpoints in order to promote compassionate and sustainable choices.
[03:53]
I think this is the most diplomatic way one could answer :p
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:55
Do you know what speciesism is
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:55
Belief that one species is surperior to others.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:55
It's the entire reason animal exploitation exists
[03:56]
The root cause
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:57
However, it is important to note that the causes and perpetuation of the animal-food industry are multi-faceted. Economic factors, cultural traditions, and individual choices also play significant roles in shaping the industry's practices and growth.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:57
Same concept as racism, antisemitism, sexism, ableism, etc etc
​
Victorpollack — Today at 03:59
moral relativism..
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 03:59
Hm?
[03:59]
I can see you're going to teach me some stuff
[03:59]
Excited
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:00
I just want to point out that moral relativism could be put within those categories.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:00
Please define moral relativism
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:01
Sorry I'm thinking of another word
[04:01]
It's at the tip of my tounge
[04:01]
Moral relativism is the opposite of what I was going for,
[04:02]
Moral relativism is a philosophical standpoint that suggests moral judgments and values are not objectively true or universally applicable, but rather depend on individual, cultural, or societal perspectives. According to moral relativism, there are no absolute or universal moral standards that can be objectively established. Instead, moral judgments are considered to be relative to the particular context, beliefs, or cultural norms in which they arise. This view recognizes that different individuals or societies may have diverse moral frameworks, and what is considered morally right or wrong can vary accordingly. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting different moral perspectives without asserting the existence of absolute moral truths.
[04:02]
Moral superiority is what I wanted to say
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:03
I don't understand your point
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:05
What I'm saying is that it's important to hold your views while realising the danger of falling into the same practices that which you wish to avoid.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:06
Owning slaves was socially acceptable not even that long ago, do you think that slavery is objectively bad?
[04:06]
It was also culturally accepted
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:07
Indeed.
[04:08]
It was however a product of the times during which much of the world had no concept of philosophy, scientific method and access to information.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:08
Do you see the parallel?
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:08
I absolutely see your point of view, yes.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:08
What are your thoughts on the matter
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:09
To summarize it is a complex and multi-faceted issue. Ultimately, the decision on whether it is acceptable to kill animals bred for food is a personal choice that depends on one's beliefs and moral considerations.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:10
Now replace "kill animals" with "own slaves"
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:11
That would not apply in modern times.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:11
I don't see a difference
[04:12]
Having one standard for animals and another for humans is speciesist
[04:12]
Would you hold the same position with any other injustice
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:13
Killing animals and owning slaves are distinct practices with different ethical considerations. While both involve the treatment of living beings, there are significant differences in the nature and moral implications of these actions. Here are some key distinctions: Moral status: Slavery involves the ownership and subjugation of human beings, denying their basic rights, freedoms, and autonomy. Slavery is widely condemned due to its inherent violation of human rights and the principle of equality among individuals. Animals, on the other hand, are often not considered to have the same moral status as humans.This difference in moral standing is a point of ethical contention and subject to various philosophical perspectives. Consent, autonomy: Slavery involves the deprivation of an individual's consent and autonomy. Enslaved people are forced into a state of subordination and are often subjected to coercion, violence, and exploitation. In contrast, animals do not possess the same level of cognitive and moral agency as humans. This difference in cognitive capacity and understanding raises questions about the extent to which animals can give informed consent or exercise autonomy. Historical and societal context: Slavery has a long history deeply rooted in systemic oppression, racism, and the exploitation of vulnerable populations. It has been a significant source of suffering and injustice throughout human history. While animal exploitation in various forms has also existed throughout history, the moral considerations and societal attitudes toward animal rights have evolved over time, with increasing recognition of the ethical treatment of animals. It is important to note that the comparison between killing animals and owning slaves can be complex, as it involves different philosophical perspectives, cultural contexts, and individual beliefs. Ethical discussions around these topics are ongoing, and viewpoints may differ based on diverse moral frameworks and values.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:16
There are humans who have less cognitive capacity than animals
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:16
That we can definitely agree on haha.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:17
Still we wouldn't exploit and kill them
[04:17]
And personally I don't know anyone, human or animal, that would consent to what you saw in dominion
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:18
A lot of people do exploit those cognitively impaired. Plenty of scammers out there.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:18
I'm sure you hear the screams
[04:18]
Yeah but would you?
​
Victorpollack — Today at 04:18
Me? No.
​
👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:18
Then why fund animal exploitation
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:19
I suppose I hold a different viewpoint on the matter.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:20
Would you explain your personal viewpoint
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:23
The fact is that no matter what I personally do, I won't change global trends and practices of the trade. In the short lifespan that I have, I do not want to spend my life trying to turn rivers back upstream. I do not want to fight the windmills. Therefore I see no reason to change whatever my habits are within the world I live regardless of my ethical stance on the matter.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:24
So an appeal to futility
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:24
I have different priorities is all.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:25
Your logic is inherently flawed tho
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:25
How come?
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:26
Because your stance is fallacious
[04:26]
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[04:27]
Just because you can't end animal exploitation doesn't mean you shouldn't minimize the harm you do
[04:27]
Can't end rape either, doesn't make it okay
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:29
Even if that may be, like I have mentioned. My priorities are different and I do not have the privilege to allow myself such an endeavour without compromising them.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:30
You're human, you have the privilege not to be exploited and murdered, unlike your victims
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:30
However I admire your spirit of having a clear vision of what your stances and beliefs are and giving it your 100%.
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@👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻
You're human, you have the privilege not to be exploited and murdered, unlike your victims
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:31
I beg to differ, I have been exploited many of times.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:32
Have you been anally fisted, forced to bear children, and then had those children stolen and murdered
[04:32]
Cause that's dairy
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:32
No, but I have been brutally beaten, stolen from, used for unpaid labour.
[04:33]
Therefore I can't say I see the world quite as pretty as it may seem.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:33
So why fund the oppression of others when you yourself have been oppressed
[04:34]
Your view seems extremely selfish to me
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:35
Because I have more pressing matters to attend to in my own personal life. Perhaps it is selfish of me to want to ensure my own well-being and of my fellow humans before attending to needs of poor animals that have bad conditions, however that is my set of priorites.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:36
When you go vegan you don't give anything up, you just stop taking what was never yours to begin with
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:37
However it does require resources such as time, effort and attention... Things I do not have to spare unfortunately.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:37
You're honestly telling me you can't spare the time it takes to read a list of ingredients?
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:38
I can't spare time to even cook most of the time.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:38
Me either
[04:38]
I get microwave shit
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:39
Good stuff. Well.. That has been an exhilarating conversation. How about a new topic?
[04:39]
You mentioned you like science fiction as well. What is your favorite movie?
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:40
I'm not really interested in pursuing this friendship, I can't consolidate the whole you activity supporting things I'm morally opposed to. The same reason I don't make friends with racists, sexists, etc etc
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:42
I have not in any way suggested that I support animal cruelty of any sort.
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👻 🔪 Tuff Ghost 🔪 👻 — Today at 04:42
You support it with your actions
[04:42]
Words are easy
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Victorpollack — Today at 04:44
However, if my inability to completely rework my entire life around your moral stance is enough for you to not want to be acquainted with me, than I must say I think there is nothing else I can do no matter how much I wish I could be your friend.
[04:44]
Well it's been a pleasure and I wish you a pleasant night.

There are instincts that you develop when you’re a parent. If you don’t have any children it might be a little hard to understand. If you have a toddler, for example, and they’re in the other room and silent for more than a few seconds, there’s a good chance they’re up to no good. I take that back, most of the time they’re doing nothing, but you still have to check. You feel a compulsion to check. I don’t think it’s a learned skill, I think it’s an actual instinct.
Paleolithic parents who didn’t check on their toddlers every few minutes, just to double check that they weren’t being stalked by smilodons were unlikely to have grandchildren and pass on their genes. You just feel you need to check, like getting goosebumps, a compulsion. I suppose it’s the same reason little kids are always demanding you look at them and what they’re doing.
I think that instinct starts to atrophy as your kids grow. They start learning to do things for themselves, and before you know it, they’re after their own privacy, not your attention. I don’t think it ever goes away though. I expect, decades from now, my own grown kids will visit and bring my grandkids with them. And the second I hear a baby crying in the earliest morning hours, I’ll be alert and ready for anything, sure as any old soldier who hears his name whispered in the dark of night.
I felt that alarm just the other day. First time in years. My boy came home from riding bikes with a couple of his friends. I’m pretty sure they worked out a scam where they asked each of their parents for a different new console for Christmas, and now they spend their weekends traveling between the three houses so they can play on all of them.
We all live in a nice neighborhood. A newer development than the one I grew up in, same town though. It’s the kind of place where kids are always playing in the streets, and the cars all routinely do under 20. My wife and I make sure the kids have helmets and pads, and we’re fine with the boy going out biking with his friends, as long as they stay in the neighborhood.
You know, a lot of people in my generation take some weird sort of pride in how irresponsible we used to be when we were young. I never wore a helmet. Rode to places, without telling any adults, that we never should have ridden to. Me and my friends would make impromptu jumps off of makeshift ramps and try to do stupid tricks, based loosely on stunts we’d seen on TV. Other people my age seem to wax nostalgic for that stuff and pretend it makes them somehow better people. I don’t get it. Sometimes I look back and shudder. We were lucky we escaped with only occasional bruises and road burns. It could have gone so much worse.
My son and his buddies came bustling in the front door at about 2 PM on a Saturday. They did the usual thing of raiding the kitchen for juice and his mother’s brownies, and I took that as my cue to abandon the television in the living room for my office. I was hardly noticing the chaos, by this point, it was becoming a regular weekend occurrence. But as I was just leaving, I caught something in the chatter. My boy said something about, “... that guy who was following us.”
He hadn’t said it any louder or more clearly than anything else they’d been talking about, all that stuff I’d been filtering out. Yet some deeper core process in my brain stem heard it, interpreted it, then hit the red alert button. My blood ran cold and every hair on my skin stood at attention.
I turned around and asked “Somebody followed you? What are you talking about?” I wasn’t consciously aware of how strict and stern my voice came out, yet when the jovial smiles dropped off of their faces it was apparent that it had been so.
“Huh?” my son said, his voice high-pitched and talking fast, like when he thinks he’s in trouble and needs to explain. “We thought we saw somebody following us. There wasn’t though. We didn’t really see anybody and we’d just spooked ourselves.”
“What did he look like?” I asked.
“Nothing? We really didn’t see anybody! Honest! I just saw something out of the corner of my eye! But there wasn’t really nobody there!”
“Yeah!,” said one of his buds. “Peripheral! Peripheral vision! I thought maybe I saw something too, but when I looked I didn’t see anything. I don’t have my glasses with me, but when I really looked I got a good look and there was nothing.”
The three boys had that semi-smiling but still concerned look that this was only a bizarre misunderstanding, but they were still being very sincere. “Were they in a car?”
“No, Dad, you don’t get it,” my boy continued, “They were small. We thought it was a kid.”
“Yeah,” said the third boy. “We thought maybe it was Tony Taylor’s stupid kid sister shadowing us. Getting close to throwing water balloons. Just cause she did that before.”
“If you didn’t get a good look how did you know it was a kid?”
“Because it was small!” my kid explained, though that wasn’t helping much. “What I mean is, at first I thought it was behind a little bush. It was way too small a bush to hide a grown-up. That’s why we thought it was probably Tony’s sister.”
“But you didn’t actually see Tony’s sister?” I asked.
“Nah,” said one of his buds. “And now that I think about it, that bush was probably too small for his sister too. It would have been silly. Like when a cartoon character hides behind a tiny object.”
“That’s why we think it was just in our heads,” explained the other boy, “That and the pole.”
“Yeah,” my son said. “The park on 14th and Taylor?” That was just a little community park, a single city block. Had a playground, lawn, a few trees, and some benches. “Anyway, we were riding past that, took a right on Taylor. And we were talking about how weird it would be if somebody really were following us. That’s when Brian thought he saw something. Behind a telephone pole.”
“I didn’t get a good look at it either,” the friend, Brian, “explained. Just thought I did. Know how you get up late at night to use the bathroom or whatever and you look down the hallway and you see a jacket or an office chair or something and because your eyes haven’t adjusted you think you see a ghost or burglar or something? Anyway, I thought I saw something out of the corner of my eye, but when I turned there wasn’t anything there.”
“Yeah, it was just like sometimes that happens, except this time it happened twice on the same bike ride, is all,” the other friend explained.
“And you’re sure there was nothing there?”
“Sure we’re sure,” my boy said. “We know because that time we checked. We each rode our bikes around the pole and there was nothing. Honest!”
“Hmmm,” I said. The whole thing seemed reasonable and nothing to be concerned about, you’d think.. The boys seemed to relax at my supposed acceptance. “Alright, sounds good. Hey, just let me know before you leave the house again, alright?” They all rushed to seem agreeable as I left the room, then quickly resumed their snacking and preceded to play their games.
I kept my ear out, just in case. My boy, at least this time, dutifully told me his friends were about to leave. He wasn’t very happy with me when I said they wouldn’t be riding home on their bikes, I was going to drive them home. The other boys didn’t complain, but I suppose it wasn’t their place, so my boy did the advocating for them, which I promptly ignored. I hate doing that, ignoring my kid’s talkback. My dad was the same way. It didn’t help that I struggled to get both of their bikes in the trunk, and it was a pain to get them back out again. My boy sulked in the front seat on the short ride back home. Arms folded on chest, eyes staring straight ahead, that lip thing they do. He seemed embarrassed for having what he thought was an over-protective parent. I suppose he was angry at me as well for acting, as far as he knew, irrationally. Maybe he thought he was being punished for some infraction he didn’t understand.
Well, it only got worse when we got home. I told him he wasn’t allowed to go out alone on his bike anymore. I’d only had to do that once before, when he was grounded, and back then he’d known exactly what he’d done wrong and he had it coming. Now? Well, he was confused, furious, maybe betrayed, probably a little brokenhearted? I can’t blame him. He tramped upstairs to his room to await the return of his mother, who was certain to give a sympathetic ear. I can’t imagine how upset he’ll be if he checks the garage tomorrow and finds I’ve removed his tires, just in case.
I wish I could explain it to him. I don’t even know how.
Where should I even begin? The town?
When I was about my son’s age I had just seen that movie, The Goonies. It had just come out in theaters. I really liked that movie, felt a strong connection. A lot of people do, can’t blame them, sort of a timeless classic. Except I wasn’t really into pirate’s treasure or the Fratellis, what really made me connect was a simple single shot, still in the first act. It’s right after they cross the threshold, and leave the house on their adventure. It was a shot of the boys, from above, maybe a crane shot or a helicopter shot, as they’re riding their bikes down a narrow forested lane, great big evergreen trees densely growing on the side of the road, they’re all wearing raincoats and the road is still wet from recent rain.
That was my childhood. I’ve spent my whole life in the Pacific Northwest. People talk to outsiders about the rain, and they might picture a lot of rainfall, but it’s not the volume, it’s the duration. We don’t get so much rain, it just drizzles slowly, on and on, for maybe eight or nine months out of the year. It doesn’t matter where I am, inside a house, traveling far abroad, anywhere I am I can close my eyes and still smell the air on a chilly afternoon, playing outdoors with my friends.
It’s not petrichor, that sudden intense smell you get when it first starts to rain after a long dry spell. No, this was almost the opposite, a clean smell, almost the opposite of a scent, since the rain seemed to scrub the air clean. The strongest scent and I mean that in the loosest sense possible, must have been the evergreen needles. Not pine needles, those were too strong, and there weren’t that many pines anyway. Douglas fir and red cedar predominated, again the root ‘domination’ seems hyperbole. Yet those scents were there, ephemeral as it is. Also, there was a sort of pleasant dirtiness to the smell, at least when you rode bikes. It wasn’t dirt, or mud, or dust. Dust couldn’t have existed except perhaps for a few fleeting weeks in August. I think, looking back, it was the mud puddles. All the potholes in all the asphalt suburban roads would fill up after rain with water the color of chocolate milk. We’d swerve our BMX bikes, or the knock-off brands, all the way across the street just to splash through those puddles and test our “suspensions.,” meaning our ankles and knees. The smell was always stronger after that. It had an earthiness to it. Perhaps it was petrichor’s lesser-known watery cousin.
There were other sensations too, permanently seared into my brain like grill marks. A constant chilliness that was easy to ignore, until you started working up a good heart rate on your bike, then you noticed your lungs were so cold it felt like burning. The sound of your tires on the wet pavement, particularly when careening downhill at high speed. For some reason, people in the mid-80s used to like to decorate their front porches with cheap, polyester windsocks. They were often vividly colored, usually rainbow, like prototype pride flags. When an occasional wind stirred up enough to gust, the windsocks would flap, and owning to the water-soaked polyester, make a wet slapping sound. It was loud, it was distinct, but you learned to ignore it as part of the background, along with the cawing of crows and distant passing cars.
That was my perception of Farmingham as a kid. The town itself? Just a typical Pacific Northwest town. That might not mean much for younger people or modern visitors, but there was a time when such towns were all the same. They were logging towns. It was the greatest resource of the area from the late 19th century, right up until about the 80s, when the whole thing collapsed. Portland, Seattle, they had a few things going on beyond just the timber industry, but all the hundreds of little towns and small cities revolved around logging, and my town was no exception.
I remember going to the museum. It had free admission, and it was a popular field trip destination for the local school system. It used to be the City Hall, a weird Queen Anne-style construction. Imagine a big Victorian house, but blown up to absurd proportions, and with all sorts of superfluous decorations. Made out of local timber, of course. They had a hall for art, I can’t even remember why, now. Maybe they were local artists. I only remember paintings of sailboats and topless women, which was a rare sight for a kid at the time. There was a hall filled with 19th-century household artifacts. Chamber pots and weird children's toys.
Then there was the logging section, which was the bulk of the museum. It’s strange how different things seemed to be in the early days of the logging industry, despite being only about a hundred years old, from my perspective in the 1980s. If you look back a hundred years from today, in the 1920s, you had automobiles, airplanes, electrical appliances, jazz music, radio programs, flappers, it doesn’t feel that far removed, does it? No TV, no internet, but it wouldn’t be that strange. 1880s? Different world.
Imagine red cedars, so big you could have a full logging crew, arms stretched out, just barely manage to encircle one for a photographer. Felling a single tree was the work of days. Men could rest and eat their lunches in the shelter of a cut made into a trunk, and not worry for safety or room. They had to cut their own little platforms into the trees many feet off the ground, just so the trunk was a little bit thinner, and thus hours of labor saved. They used those long, flexible two-man saws. And double-bit axes. They worked in the gloom of the shade with old gas lanterns. Once cut down from massive logs thirty feet in diameter, they’d float the logs downhill in sluices, like primitive wooden make-shift water slides. Or they’d haul them down to the nearest river, the logs pulled by donkeys on corduroy roads. They’d lay large amounts of grease on the roads, so the logs would slide easily. You could still smell the grease on the old tools on display in the museum. The bigger towns had streets where the loggers would slide the logs down greased skids all the way down to the sea, where they’d float in big logjams until the mills were ready for processing. They’d call such roads “skid-rows.” Because of all the activity, they’d end up being the worst parts of town. Local citizens wouldn’t want to live there, due to all the stink and noise. They’d be on the other side of the brothels and the opium dens. It would be the sort of place where the destitute and the insane would find themselves when they’d finally lost anything. To this day, “skidrow” remains a euphemism for the part of a city where the homeless encamp.
That was the lore I’d learned as a child. That was my “ancestry” I was supposed to respect and admire, which I did, wholeheartedly. There were things they left out, though. Things that you might have suspected, from a naive perspective, would be perfect for kids, all the folklore that came with the logging industry. The ghost stories, and the tall tales. I would have eaten that up. They do talk about that kind of thing in places far removed from the Pacific Northwest. But I had never heard about any of it. Things like the Hidebehind. No, that I’d have to discover for myself.
There were four of us on those bike adventures. Myself. Ralph, my best friend. A tough guy, the bad boy, the most worldly of us, which is a strange thing to say about an eight-year-old kid. India, an archetypal ‘80s tomboy. She was the coolest person I knew at the time. Looking back, I wonder what her home life was like. I think I remember problematic warning signs that I couldn’t have recognized when I was so young, but now raise flags. Then there was Ben. A goofy kid, a wild mop of hair, coke bottle glasses, type 1 diabetic which seemed to make him both a bit pampered by his mother, who was in charge of all his insulin, diet, and schedule, and conversely a real risk taker when she wasn’t around.
When we first saw it…
No, wait. This was the problem with starting the story. Where does it all begin? I’ll need to talk about my Grandfather as well. I’ve had two different perspectives on my Grandfather, on the man that he was. The first was the healthy able-bodied grandparent I’d known as a young child. Then there was the man, as I learned about him after he had passed.
There was a middle period, from when I was 6 to when I was 16, when I hardly understood him at all, as he was hit with a double whammy of both Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's. His decline into an invalid was both steep and long drawn out. That part didn’t reflect who he was as a person.
What did I know of him when I was little? Well I knew he and my grandmother had a nice big house and some farmland, out in the broad flat valley north of Farmingham. Dairy country. It had been settled by Dutch immigrants back in the homesteading days. His family had been among the first pioneers in the county too. It didn’t register to me then that his surname was Norwegian, not Dutch. I knew he had served in the Navy in World War II, which I was immensely proud of for reasons I didn’t know why. I knew he had a job as a butcher in a nearby rural supermarket. He was a bit of a farmer too, more as a hobby and a side gig. He had a few cattle, but mostly grew and harvested hay to sell to the local dairies. I knew he had turned his garage into a machine shop, and could fix damn near anything. From the flat tires on my bicycle to the old flat-bed truck he’d haul hay with, to an old 1950s riding lawnmower he somehow managed to keep in working order. I knew he could draw a really cool cartoon cowboy, I knew he loved to watch football, and I knew the whiskers on his chin were very pokey, and they’d tickle you when he kissed you on the cheek, and that when you tried to rub the sensation away he’d laugh and laugh and laugh.
Then there were the parts of his life that I’d learn much later. Mostly from odd passing comments from relatives, or things I’d find in the public records. Like how he’d been a better grandfather than a father. Or how his life as I knew it had been a second, better life. He’d been born among the Norwegian settler community, way up in the deep, dark, forest-shrouded hills that rimmed the valley. He’d been a logger in his youth. Technologically he was only a generation or two from the ones I’d learned about in the museum. They’d replaced donkeys with diesel engines and corduroy roads with narrow gauge rail. It was still the same job, though. Dirty, dangerous, dark. Way back into those woods, living in little logging camps, civilization was always a several-day hike out. It became a vulgar sort of profession, filled with violent men, reprobates, and thieves. When my grandfather’s father was murdered on his front porch by a lunatic claiming he’d been wronged somehow, my grandfather hiked out of there, got into town, and joined the Navy. He vowed never to go back. The things he’d seen out in those woods were no good. He’d kept that existence away from me. Anyways…
Tommy Barker was the first of us to go missing. I say ‘us’ as if I knew him personally. I didn’t. He went to Farmingham Middle School, other side of town, and several grades above us. From our perspective, he may as well have been an adult living overseas.
Yet it felt like we got to know him. His face was everywhere, on TV, all over telephone poles. Everybody was talking about him. After he didn’t return from a friend’s house, everybody just sort of assumed, or maybe hoped, that he’d just gotten lost, or was trapped somewhere. They searched all the parks. Backyards, junkyards, refrigerators, trunks. Old-fashioned refrigerators, back before suction seals, had a simple handle with a latch that opened when you pulled on it. It wasn’t a problem when the fridges were in use and filled with food. But by the 80s old broke-down refrigerators started filling up backyards and junkyards, and they became deathtraps for kids playing hide-and-seek. The only opened from the outside. I remember thinking Tommy Barker was a little old to have likely been playing hide-and-seek, but people checked everywhere anyway. They never found him.
That was about the first time we saw the Hidebehind. Ben said he thought he saw somebody following us, looked like, maybe, a kid. We’d just slowly huffed our way up a moderately steep hill, Farmingham is full of them, and when we paused for a breather at the top, Ben said he saw it down the hill, closer to the base. Yet when we turned to look there was nothing there. Ben said he’d just seen it duck behind a car. That wasn’t the sort of behavior of a random kid minding his own business. Yet the slope afforded us a view under the car’s carriage, and except for the four tires, there were no signs of any feet hiding behind the body. At first, we thought he was pulling our leg. When he insisted he wasn’t, we started to tease him a little. He must have been seeing things, on account of his poor vision and thick glasses. The fact that those glasses afforded him vision as good as or better than any of us wasn’t something we considered.
The next person to disappear was Amy Brooks. Fifth-grader. Next elementary school over. I remember it feeling like when you’re traveling down the freeway, and there’s a big thunderstorm way down the road, but it keeps getting closer, and closer. I don’t remember what she looked like. Her face wasn’t plastered everywhere like Tommy’s had been. She was mentioned on the regional news, out of Seattle, her and Tommy together. Two missing kids from the same town in a short amount of time. The implication was as obvious as it was depraved. They didn’t think the kids were getting lost anymore. They didn’t do very much searching of backyards. The narratives changed too. Teachers started talking a lot about stranger danger. Local TV channels started recycling old After School Specials and public service announcements about the subject.
I’m not sure who saw it next. I think it was Ben again. We took him seriously this time though. I think. The one I’m sure I remember was soon after, and that time it was India who first saw it. It’s still crystal clear in my memory, almost forty years later, because that was the time I first saw it too. We were riding through a four-way stop, an Idaho Stop before they called it that, when India slammed to a stop, locking up her coaster brakes and leaving a long black streak of rubber on a dry patch of pavement. We stopped quickly after and asked what the problem was. We could tell by her face she’d seen it. She was still looking at it.
“I see it,” she whispered, unnecessarily. We all followed her gaze. We were looking, I don’t know, ten seconds? Twenty? We believed everything she said, we just couldn’t see it.
“Where?” Ralph asked.
“Four blocks down,” she whispered. “On the left. See the red car? Kinda rusty?” There was indeed a big old Lincoln Continental, looking pretty ratty and worn. I focused on that, still seeing nothing. “Past that, just to its right. See the street light pole? It’s just behind that.”
We also saw the pole she was talking about. Metal. Aluminum, I’d have guessed. It had different color patches, like metallic flakeboard. Like it’d had been melted together out of scrap.
I could see that clearly even from that distance. I saw nothing behind it. I could see plenty of other things in the background, cars, houses, bushes, front lawns, beauty bark landscape.. There was no indication of anything behind that pole.
And then it moved. It had been right there where she said it had been, yet it had somehow perfectly blended into the landscape, a trick of perspective. We didn’t see it at all until it moved, and almost as fast it had disappeared behind that light pole. We only got a hint. Brown in color, about our height in size.
We screamed. Short little startled screams, the involuntary sort that just burst out of you. Then we turned and started to pedal like mad, thoroughly spooked. We made it to the intersection of the next block when it was Ralph who screeched to a halt and shouted, “Wait!”
We slowed down and stopped, perhaps not as eagerly as we’d done when India yelled. Ralph was looking back over his shoulder, looking at that metal pole. “Did anybody see it move again?’ he asked. We all shook our heads in the negative. Ralph didn’t notice, but of course, he didn’t really need an answer, of course we hadn’t been watching.
“If it didn’t move, then it’s still there!” Ralph explained the obvious. It took a second to sink in, despite the obvious. “C’mon!” he shouted, and to our surprise, before we could react, he turned and took off, straight down the road, straight to where that thing had been lurking.
We were incredulous, but something about his order made us all follow hot on his heels. He was a sort of natural leader. I thought it was total foolishness, but I wasn’t going to let him go alone. I think I got out, “Are you crazy?!”
The wind was blowing hard past our faces as we raced as fast as we could, it made it hard to hear. Ralph shouted his response. “If it’s hiding that means its afraid!” That seemed reasonable, if not totally accurate. Lions hide from their prey before they attack. Then again, they don’t wait around when the whole herd charges. Really, the pole was coming up so fast there wasn’t a whole lot of time to argue. “Just blast past and look!” Ralph added. “We’re too fast! It won’t catch us.”
Sure, I thought to myself. Except maybe Ben, who always lagged behind the rest of us in a race. The lion would get Ben if any of us.
We rushed past that pole and all turned our heads to look. “See!” Ralph shouted in triumph. There was simply nothing there. A metal streetlight pole and nothing more. We stopped pedaling yet still sped on. “Hang on,” Ralph said, and at the next intersection he took a fast looping curve that threatened to crash us all, but we managed and curved behind him. We all came to the pole again where we stopped to see up close that there was nothing there, despite what we had seen moments before.
“Maybe it bilocated,” Ben offered. We groaned. We were all thinking it, but I think we were dismissive because it wasn’t as cool a word as ‘teleport.”
“Maybe it just moved when we weren’t looking,” I offered. That hadn’t been long, but that didn’t mean anything if it moved fast. The four of us slowly looked up from the base of the pole to our immediate surroundings. There were bushes. A car in a carport covered by a tarpaulin. The carport itself. Garbage cans. Stumps. Of course the ever-present trees. Whatever it was it could have been hiding behind anything. Maybe it was. We looked. Maybe it would make itself seen. None of us wanted that. “OK, let’s get going,” Ralph said, and we did so.
I got home feeling pretty shaken that afternoon. I felt safe at home. Except for the front room, which had a big bay window looking out onto the street, and the people who lived across it. There were plenty of garbage cans and telephone poles and stumps that a small, fast thing might hide behind. No, I felt more comfortable in my bedroom. There was a window, but a great thick conical cypress tree grew right in front of it, reaching way up over the roof of the house. If anything, it offered ME a place to hide, and peer out onto the street to either side of the tree. It was protective, as good as any heavy blanket.

You can check out the before and after photos here!
Here is the breakdown of the products:
Basement Remodel Items:
TV - [x] https://www.bestbuy.com/site/lg-43-class-up7000-series-led-4k-uhd-smart-webos-tv/6453968.p?skuId=6453968
Lighting - [x] https://www.philips-hue.com/en-us/p/hue-white-and-color-ambiance-2-pack-br30-e26/046677548582#overview - [x] https://www.menards.com/main/lighting-ceiling-fans/outdoor-lighting/outdoor-ceiling-lights/patriot-lighting-reg-forest-burnished-bronze-outdoor-ceiling-light/of33412bbz/p-1547278206064.htm - [x] https://www.philips-hue.com/en-us/p/hue-white-and-color-ambiance-gradient-lightstrip-extension-40-inch/046677570569 - [x] https://www.homedepot.com/p/Commercial-Electric-3-in-Selectable-New-Construction-or-Remodel-Canless-Recessed-Integrated-LED-Kit-NK01aA11CR1259F/310498855#overlay - [x] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07X3F6DWY?ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_product_details&th=1 - [x] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07RBQ2KHH?ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_product_details&th=1
Billiards (table is 8’, 65” across) - [x] Minnesota Wild Pool Table Felt Worsted Billiard Cloth - [x] Pockets Honey Leather Pool Table Pockets - Set of 6
Seating - [x] https://www.wayfair.com/furniture/pdp/holland-bar-stool-ncaa-swivel-30-bar-stool-w005397773.html
Speakers - [x] https://www.sonos.com/en-us/shop/five - [x] 3.1 Entertainment Set with Beam and Sub Sonos
Countertops: - [x] Butcher Block from https://bmomn.com
Flooring - [x] https://www.homedepot.com/p/Pergo-Defense-7-5-in-W-Rare-Penny-Oak-Antimicrobial-Click-Lock-Luxury-Vinyl-Plank-Flooring-17-43-sq-ft-case-PDP01-839/316401888 - [x] https://www.homedepot.com/p/PERFORMANCE-ACCESSORIES-Autumn-Leaf-0-31-in-T-x-2-in-W-x-78-7-in-L-Vinyl-4-in-1-Molding-V4IN1-05911/318166494
Ceiling - [x] https://www.homedepot.com/p/Hakwood-5-16-in-x-3-11-16-in-x-8-ft-Knotty-Pine-Edge-V-Plank-Kit-3-Pack-per-Box-8203110/206177481
Bar sink - [x] https://www.homedepot.com/p/Ruvati-Siena-16-Gauge-Stainless-Steel-15-in-x-20-in-1-Hole-Drop-in-Workstation-Bar-Sink-RVH8210/304625270
Bar faucet - [x] https://www.build.com/kingston-brass-ls840-dl/s1688909?uid=3987542&cvo_campaign=tracking_number&utm_campaign=tracking_number&utm_medium=email&cvosrc=email.trm.tracking_number&source=trm_tracking_number_Build.com&utm_source=transactional
Mini fridge - [x] NewAir Beverage Refrigerator Built In Cooler with 177 Can Capacity Soda Beer Fridge, NBC177BS00, Black Stainless Steel https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07V1WV787/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_glt_i_TKXJS9W8TTRY97Q1715N
Bottle display - [x] https://www.vevor.com/liquor-bottle-display-c_10565/vevor-led-lighted-liquor-bottle-display-shelf-led-bar-bottle-display-40-2-step-p_010776384043
Project Cost
TV 309
Sonos speakers 1,878.46
Flooring & transitions 1,630.10
Ceiling 800.63
Phillip Hue lights (without light strips) 483.81
Forest light 107.51
Demo dump 385
Table felt 526
Table pockets 199.20
Table build 550
Plumbing 1,724.49
Electrical 4,895
Drywall 1,420
Seating 867.73
Team USA jersey 54.98
Felt for frames 23.63
Framing & glass for frames 369.92
Mini fridge 856.64
Cabinets 300
Faucet 163.17
Sink 310.75
LED lights over table, switches & plates 111.12
Concrete 49.38
Paint 241.23
Tiered Bottle display 114.99
iPad 353.76
Countertop 755.87
Total 18,932.37

ENCE 🇪🇺 2-1 🇩🇰 Astralis

Overpass: 12-16 Nuke: 19-17 Mirage: 16-12
 
ENCE advances to semi-finals
Astralis goes to quarter-finals.
 

Map picks:

ENCE	MAP	Astralis
	Anubis	X
X	Inferno
	Overpass	✔
✔	Nuke
	Vertigo	X
X	Ancient
	Mirage

 

Full Match Stats:

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 ENCE
🇪🇸 SunPayus	68-47	69.9	80.4%	1.24
🇵🇱 dycha	65-58	79.1	68.5%	1.09
🇩🇰 Snappi	64-64	77.0	65.2%	1.04
🇮🇱 NertZ	58-57	70.5	79.3%	1.03
🇲🇪 Maden	56-64	75.9	75.0%	0.99
🇩🇰 Astralis
🇩🇰 device	94-51	89.2	80.4%	1.51
🇩🇰 Buzz	58-65	78.6	72.8%	1.03
🇩🇰 blameF	47-59	66.2	68.5%	0.92
🇩🇰 gla1ve	44-66	55.7	64.1%	0.74
🇩🇰 Altekz	47-70	57.3	62.0%	0.73

 

Individual Map Stats:

Map 1: Overpass

Team	CT	T	Total
🇪🇺 ENCE	6	6	12
	T	CT
🇩🇰 Astralis	9	7	16

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 ENCE
🇵🇱 dycha	22-16	91.1	75.0%	1.32
🇲🇪 Maden	15-20	80.0	78.6%	1.04
🇩🇰 Snappi	18-21	73.9	71.4%	1.04
🇪🇸 SunPayus	16-13	48.1	78.6%	1.04
🇮🇱 NertZ	15-18	56.6	78.6%	0.88
🇩🇰 Astralis
🇩🇰 device	30-10	85.5	85.7%	1.59
🇩🇰 blameF	16-18	76.2	75.0%	1.09
🇩🇰 Buzz	15-19	62.8	75.0%	0.95
🇩🇰 Altekz	15-21	70.1	75.0%	0.90
🇩🇰 gla1ve	12-18	46.3	75.0%	0.76

Overpass detailed stats and VOD

 

Map 2: Nuke

Team	T	CT	OT	Total
🇪🇺 ENCE	6	9	4	19
	CT	T	OT
🇩🇰 Astralis	9	6	2	17

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 ENCE
🇪🇸 SunPayus	30-20	78.0	80.6%	1.30
🇮🇱 NertZ	28-24	80.0	77.8%	1.17
🇲🇪 Maden	23-24	74.9	72.2%	1.01
🇩🇰 Snappi	26-26	77.8	61.1%	1.01
🇵🇱 dycha	20-25	68.6	58.3%	0.82
🇩🇰 Astralis
🇩🇰 device	39-21	92.3	80.6%	1.60
🇩🇰 Buzz	27-27	89.5	69.4%	1.06
🇩🇰 blameF	17-21	63.3	66.7%	0.92
🇩🇰 gla1ve	20-30	65.8	58.3%	0.78
🇩🇰 Altekz	16-28	47.8	55.6%	0.59

Nuke detailed stats and VOD

 

Map 3: Mirage

Team	T	CT	Total
🇪🇺 ENCE	8	8	16
	CT	T
🇩🇰 Astralis	7	5	12

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 ENCE
🇪🇸 SunPayus	22-14	81.1	82.1%	1.37
🇵🇱 dycha	23-17	80.6	75.0%	1.24
🇩🇰 Snappi	20-17	79.2	64.3%	1.13
🇮🇱 NertZ	15-15	72.3	82.1%	1.02
🇲🇪 Maden	18-20	73.1	75.0%	0.94
🇩🇰 Astralis
🇩🇰 device	25-20	89.0	75.0%	1.31
🇩🇰 Buzz	16-19	80.4	75.0%	1.10
🇩🇰 Altekz	16-21	56.8	57.1%	0.77
🇩🇰 blameF	14-20	59.8	64.3%	0.74
🇩🇰 gla1ve	12-18	52.1	60.7%	0.68

Mirage detailed stats and VOD

 
This thread was created by the Post-Match Team. If you want to share any feedback or have any concerns, please message u/CSGOMatchThreads.

FaZe 🇪🇺 2-1 🇷🇺 Cloud9

Mirage: 16-7 Inferno: 7-16 Ancient: 16-9
 
FaZe advances to quarter-finals
Cloud9 is eliminated.
 

Map picks:

FaZe	MAP	Cloud9
	Nuke	X
X	Vertigo
	Mirage	✔
✔	Inferno
	Anubis	X
X	Overpass
	Ancient

 

Full Match Stats:

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 FaZe
🇱🇻 broky	61-41	89.9	77.5%	1.37
🇳🇴 rain	53-43	82.7	71.8%	1.15
🇪🇪 ropz	52-41	79.6	69.0%	1.06
🇨🇦 Twistzz	39-45	63.7	74.6%	0.97
🇩🇰 karrigan	38-47	63.5	69.0%	0.92
🇷🇺 Cloud9
🇷🇺 Ax1Le	58-55	96.4	69.0%	1.21
🇷🇺 nafany	50-52	74.5	66.2%	1.01
🇷🇺 sh1ro	42-45	55.9	67.6%	0.93
🇰🇿 buster	36-42	56.3	64.8%	0.90
🇰🇿 HObbit	30-50	50.8	74.6%	0.77

 

Individual Map Stats:

Map 1: Mirage

Team	CT	T	Total
🇪🇺 FaZe	13	3	16
	T	CT
🇷🇺 Cloud9	2	5	7

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 FaZe
🇱🇻 broky	21-12	97.8	87.0%	1.51
🇪🇪 ropz	21-12	85.3	73.9%	1.28
🇳🇴 rain	17-14	85.3	69.6%	1.24
🇨🇦 Twistzz	16-14	61.7	73.9%	1.15
🇩🇰 karrigan	12-14	68.0	69.6%	0.97
🇷🇺 Cloud9
🇷🇺 Ax1Le	21-18	103.3	60.9%	1.25
🇷🇺 sh1ro	16-16	59.1	60.9%	0.98
🇷🇺 nafany	15-20	83.3	65.2%	0.92
🇰🇿 HObbit	8-17	38.1	60.9%	0.59
🇰🇿 buster	6-16	33.4	43.5%	0.41

Mirage detailed stats and VOD

 

Map 2: Inferno

Team	CT	T	Total
🇪🇺 FaZe	6	1	7
	T	CT
🇷🇺 Cloud9	9	7	16

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 FaZe
🇱🇻 broky	20-17	88.1	69.6%	1.22
🇩🇰 karrigan	10-15	54.1	65.2%	0.88
🇳🇴 rain	12-14	66.0	65.2%	0.84
🇨🇦 Twistzz	10-16	56.2	69.6%	0.73
🇪🇪 ropz	12-18	72.5	56.5%	0.69
🇷🇺 Cloud9
🇰🇿 buster	18-9	79.9	78.3%	1.42
🇷🇺 nafany	17-12	70.7	78.3%	1.29
🇷🇺 sh1ro	17-11	67.7	82.6%	1.25
🇷🇺 Ax1Le	15-18	87.1	69.6%	1.11
🇰🇿 HObbit	12-14	62.8	91.3%	1.00

Inferno detailed stats and VOD

 

Map 3: Ancient

Team	CT	T	Total
🇪🇺 FaZe	10	6	16
	T	CT
🇷🇺 Cloud9	5	4	9

 

Team	K-D	ADR	KAST	Rating
🇪🇺 FaZe
🇱🇻 broky	20-12	84.3	76.0%	1.39
🇳🇴 rain	24-15	95.6	80.0%	1.38
🇪🇪 ropz	19-11	81.0	76.0%	1.22
🇨🇦 Twistzz	13-15	72.6	80.0%	1.05
🇩🇰 karrigan	16-18	67.9	72.0%	0.91
🇷🇺 Cloud9
🇷🇺 Ax1Le	22-19	98.7	76.0%	1.31
🇰🇿 buster	12-17	55.5	72.0%	0.90
🇷🇺 nafany	18-20	69.9	56.0%	0.85
🇰🇿 HObbit	10-19	51.6	72.0%	0.75
🇷🇺 sh1ro	9-18	42.0	60.0%	0.63

Ancient detailed stats and VOD

 
This thread was created by the Post-Match Team. If you want to share any feedback or have any concerns, please message u/CSGOMatchThreads.

Ok, I've now officially gone farther than ever before in my budding new foray into DCSS. I've cleared all 15 levels, the Lair, and the Orcish Mines. I know the next step is to head into the Lair Rune Branches, but I'm terrified! I've been doing so well!!
​
I'm not sure how much of a dump anyone wants, but here's a lot. If anyone wants to offer advice before I plumb these new depths, that would be great!

HippieInHawaii the Warrior (Minotaur Berserker) Turns: 28739, Time: 06:25:46 Health: 128/157 AC: 29 Str: 30 XL: 16 Next: 47% Magic: 14/15 EV: 18 Int: 4 God: Trog [*****.] Gold: 928 SH: 0 Dex: 14 Spells: 15/15 levels left rFire . . . a - +4 battleaxe (heavy) rCold . . . (shield currently unavailable) rNeg + . . s - +4 plate armour "Xuikofo" {rPois Stlth+} rPois + (helmet restricted) rElec . j - +1 cloak "Zucoomul" {Rampage rN+ Str+4 Stlth-} rCorr . H - +2 pair of gloves {infuse} SInv . O - +2 pair of boots Will +.... n - amulet of magic regeneration Stlth P - +4 ring of slaying HPRegen 0.46/turn C - +5 ring of evasion MPRegen 0.54/turn %: rampage, infuse magic (1 MP) @: very slightly contaminated, studying Fighting A: horns 2, retaliatory headbutt a: Renounce Religion, Berserk, Trog's Hand, Brothers in Arms You are on level 15 of the Dungeon. You worship Trog. Trog is extremely pleased with you. You have visited 3 branches of the dungeon, and seen 22 of its levels. You have also visited: Gauntlet and Volcano. You have collected 3260 gold pieces. You have spent 2332 gold pieces at shops. Inventory: Hand Weapons a - a +4 heavy battleaxe (weapon) b - a +3 arbalest of draining Q - the +7 battleaxe of Tenacity {protect, rC+ Will- SInv} (You found it on level 3 of the Lair of Beasts) rC: It protects you from cold. SInv: It lets you see invisible. Will: It decreases your willpower. S - a +1 heavy executioner's axe Z - a +4 battleaxe of flaming Missiles d - 27 poisoned darts (quivered) e - 7 boomerangs L - 8 javelins Armour g - a +2 plate armour of fire resistance j - the +1 cloak "Zucoomul" (worn) {Rampage rN+ Str+4 Stlth-} (You found it in a Gauntlet) Str: It affects your strength (+4). rN: It protects you from negative energy. Rampage: It bestows one free step when moving towards enemies. Stlth: It makes you less stealthy. If you remove this armour, your AC would decrease by 3 (29 -> 26). s - the +4 plate armour "Xuikofo" (worn) {rPois Stlth+} (You bought it in a shop on level 1 of the Dungeon) rPois: It protects you from poison. Stlth: It makes you more stealthy. If you remove this armour, your AC would decrease by 20 (29 -> 9). A - the +0 plate armour of Feasting {rC+ Will+ Int+3} (You found it on level 14 of the Dungeon) Int: It affects your intelligence (+3). rC: It protects you from cold. Will: It increases your willpower. >!If you switch to wearing this armour, your AC would decrease by 4 (29 ->!< 25). F - a +1 cloak of poison resistance H - a +2 pair of gloves of infusion (worn) O - a +2 pair of boots (worn) Jewellery c - a ring of flight n - an amulet of magic regeneration (around neck) v - a ring of fire C - a +5 ring of evasion (right hand) I - a ring of protection from cold K - a +4 ring of protection N - a +6 ring of strength P - a +4 ring of slaying (left hand) X - the ring of Caghir {rN+ rCorr Str+2} (You found it on level 5 of the Lair of Beasts) [ring of resist corrosion] Str: It affects your strength (+2). rN: It protects you from negative energy. rCorr: It protects you from acid and corrosion. Wands k - a wand of digging (4) l - a wand of light (8) y - a wand of iceblast (19) E - a wand of polymorph (13) R - a wand of flame (28) V - a wand of paralysis (3) Scrolls i - 11 scrolls of teleportation m - a scroll of fog t - 7 scrolls of fear u - 3 scrolls of magic mapping w - 4 scrolls of blinking J - 2 scrolls of silence U - 11 scrolls of identify Potions f - 5 potions of haste h - a potion of invisibility o - 2 potions of flight p - 3 potions of berserk rage q - a potion of magic r - 11 potions of curing x - 2 potions of heal wounds z - 2 potions of cancellation B - 3 potions of might G - 5 potions of ambrosia Miscellaneous D - a lightning rod (4/4) M - a phantom mirror Skills: * Level 17.9 Fighting * Level 17.3 Axes + Level 11.0 Ranged Weapons + Level 10.3 Throwing + Level 12.6 Armour + Level 11.6 Dodging + Level 9.6 Stealth You have 15 spell levels left. You don't know any spells. Your spell library is empty. Dungeon Overview and Level Annotations Branches: Dungeon (15/15) Temple (0/1) D:5 Lair (5/5) D:11 Shoals (0/4) Lair:2 Snake (0/4) Lair:3 Slime (0/5) Lair:5 Orc (2/2) D:12 Elf (0/3) Orc:2 Vaults (0/5) D:13 Depths (0/4) D:15 Volcano (visited) Gauntlet (visited) Altars: Cheibriados Dithmenos Elyvilon Fedhas Qazlal Ru Trog Wu Jian Shops: D:1 [? Orc:1 ! Orc:2 (([? Innate Abilities, Weirdness & Mutations You have a pair of horns on your head. You reflexively headbutt those who attack you in melee. 

TypeItemPrice
:----:----:----
*Processor* [Intel Core i9-13900KF Desktop Processor 24 cores (8 P-cores + 16 E-cores) 36M Cache, up to 5.8 GHz](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/processointel-core-i9-13900kf-i9-13900kf/) $574.00 @ Amazon (US)
*Motherboard* [GIGABYTE Z790 UD AC LGA 1700 Motherboard (USB 3.2 Gen2X2 Type-C/ Intel Wi-Fi/ 2.5GbE LAN/ PCIe EZ-Latch/ Multi-Key)](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/motherboard/gigabyte-z790/) $194.99 @ Amazon (US)
*CPU Cooler* [ARCTIC Freezer i35 A-RGB - Single Tower CPU Cooler with A-RGB, Intel specific, Pressure optimized 120 mm P-fan, 200-1700 RPM, 4 Heat Pipes, incl. MX-5 Thermal Paste - Black](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/cpu-coolearctic-freezer-i35-a-rgb-acfre00104a/) $47.00 @ Amazon (US)
*Case* [NZXT H510 Elite - CA-H510E-B1 - Premium Mid-Tower ATX Case PC Gaming Case - Dual-Tempered Glass Panel - Front I/O USB Type-C Port - Vertical GPU Mount - Integrated RGB Lighting](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/case/nzxt-h510-elite-ca-h510e-b1/) $99.99 @ Amazon (US)
*Graphics Card* [PNY GeForce RTX® 4090 24GB XLR8 Gaming VERTO EPIC-X RGB™ Triple Fan Graphics Card](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/graphics-card/pny-vcg409024tfxxpb/) $1,649.99 @ Amazon (US)
*RAM* [G.Skill Trident Z5 RGB Series 32GB 2 x 16GB 288-Pin SDRAM DDR5 6000 CL36-36-36-96 1.35V Dual Channel Desktop Memory](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/ram/g-skill-trident-z5-f5-6000j3636f16ga2-tz5rk/) $189.99 @ Amazon (US)
*Storage* [Samsung 960 PRO Series - 2TB PCIe NVMe - M.2 Internal SSD ](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/storage/samsung-electronics-960-pro-mz-v6p2t0bw/) $359.31 @ Amazon (US)
*Storage* [Samsung EVO 970 1TB PCIe Gen3 x4 NVMe M.2-2280 Internal Solid State Drive with V-NAND Technology & 1024MB Cache](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/storage/samsung-970-evo-mz-v7e1t0bw/) $209.99 @ Amazon (US)
*Case Cooler* [ARCTIC P12 PWM PST A-RGB 0dB (3 Pack) - 120 mm PWM case Fan Optimized for Static Pressure, case Fan, semi-Passive: 0-2000 RPM, 5V 3 pin ARGB LED](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/case-coolearctic-p12-pwm-acfan00232a/) $42.99 @ Amazon (US)
*Power Supply* [Thermaltake Toughpower PF1 850W 80+ Platinum Single Side SMD Compact Design Ultra Quiet 120mm Hydraulic Bearing Smart Zero Fan Full Modular Power Supply](https://pcbuilder.net/component-details/power-supply/thermaltake-toughpower-pf1-ps-tpd-0850fnfapu-1/) $149.99 @ Amazon (US) *Total* *$3,708 @Amazon (US)*

Generated by [PC Builder](https://pcbuilder.net) *View Rig: [PC Builder List](https://pcbuilder.net/rigs/f3hfSq/)* *Generated on* *1st of June, 2023*

Hello everybody! Today Im selling brand new solid sterling silver chains and bracelets at a variety of styles and lengths for only $2.5 per gram. Why pay retail at a jewelry store?
Proof Pics: https://imgur.com/a/Ko7AWh8
Chains:
20” 7MM Cuban Link Chain 57.8g- $144
20” 6MM Cuban Link Chain 50g- $125
24” 6MM Cuban Link Chain 59g- $OLD
20” 5MM Cuban Link Chain 30.9g- $77
22” 5MM Cuban Link Chain 33.8g- $84
26” 5MM Cuban Link Chain 39.4g- $98
22” 3MM Franco Chain 26.1g- $65
24” 3MM Franco Chain 27.9g- $69
26” 3MM Franco Chain 30.3g- $75
22” 3.7MM Rope Chain 27.1g- $67
22” 3.2MM Rope Chain 21g- $52
20” 2.8MM Rope Chain 14.6g- $36
22” 2.8MM Rope Chain 15.3g- $OLD
24” 2.8MM Rope Chain 17.3g- $43
22” 8MM Flat Curb Chain 39.5g- $98
20” 4.5MM Flat Curb Chain 16.3g- $40
22” 4.5MM Flat Curb Chain 18g- $45
24” 6.5MM Figaro Chain 38.1g- $95
20” 4.5MM Figaro Chain 15.1g- $37
22” 4.5MM Figaro Chain 17.3g- $43
24” 4.5MM Figaro Chain 18.2g- $45
Bracelets:
7” 4.5MM Rope Bracelet 13.4g- $33
8” 4.5MM Rope Bracelet 15.4g- $38
8” 5MM Cuban Link Bracelet 11.2g- $28
8” 6MM Cuban Link Bracelet 18.8g- $47
8” 7MM Cuban Link Bracelet 22.8g- $57
8” 10MM Flat Curb Bracelet 21.4g- $53
8” 3.5MM Franco Bracelet 13.3g- $33
Shipping is $5 first class or $9 priority
International shipping available! Contact me for costs.
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Payment methods: Zelle (preferred), cashapp, venmo, and PPFF
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Authentic solid sterling silver marked 925 Italy
More styles and sizes may be available upon request!
If you have any questions feel free to ask!

i recently decided to change from octoprint to klipper, i had some issues with my kinematic motion but that works now but ever since i switched over my extruder doesnt rotate at all. Im using an ender 3 v2 with bl touch and im on the 4.2.7 board below is my config settings. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
[include mainsail.cfg]
​
[display_status]
​
[pause_resume]
​
[include timelapse.cfg]
​
[stepper_x]
step_pin: PB9
dir_pin: PC2
enable_pin: !PC3
microsteps: 16
rotation_distance: 40
endstop_pin: ^PA5
position_endstop: 0
position_max: 235
homing_speed: 60
​
[stepper_y]
step_pin: PB7
dir_pin: PB8
enable_pin: !PC3
microsteps: 16
rotation_distance: 40
endstop_pin: ^PA6
position_endstop: 0
position_max: 235
homing_speed: 60
​
[stepper_z]
step_pin: PB5
dir_pin: !PB6
enable_pin: !PC3
microsteps: 16
rotation_distance: 8
# position_endstop: 0.0 # disable to use BLTouch
# endstop_pin: ^PA7 # disable to use BLTouch
endstop_pin: probe:z_virtual_endstop # enable to use BLTouch
position_min: -5 # enable to use BLTouch
position_max: 250
​
[bltouch]
sensor_pin: ^PB1
control_pin: PB0
x_offset: -47
y_offset: -5
#z_offset: 0
​
[safe_z_home]
home_xy_position: 117.5,117.5
z_hop: 10
z_hop_speed: 5
​
[bed_mesh]
speed: 120
horizontal_move_z: 5
mesh_min: 50,50
mesh_max: 170,170
probe_count: 5,5
algorithm: bicubic
fade_start: 1
fade_end: 10
fade_target: 0
​
[extruder]
max_extrude_only_distance: 100.0
step_pin: PB3
dir_pin: PB4
enable_pin: !PC3
microsteps: 16
rotation_distance: 33.500
nozzle_diameter: 0.400
filament_diameter: 1.750
heater_pin: PA1
sensor_type: EPCOS 100K B57560G104F
sensor_pin: PC5
control: pid
pid_Kp: 21.527
pid_Ki: 1.063
pid_Kd: 108.982
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 250
​
[gcode_macro G29]
gcode:
G28
BED_MESH_CALIBRATE
G0 X0 Y0 Z10 F6000
BED_MESH_PROFILE save=default
SAVE_CONFIG
​
[heater_bed]
heater_pin: PA2
sensor_type: EPCOS 100K B57560G104F
sensor_pin: PC4
control: pid
# tuned for stock hardware with 50 degree Celsius target
pid_Kp: 54.027
pid_Ki: 0.770
pid_Kd: 948.182
min_temp: 0
max_temp: 130
​
[fan]
pin: PA0
​
[mcu]
serial: /dev/serial/by-id/usb-1a86_USB_Serial-if00-port0
restart_method: command
​
[printer]
kinematics: cartesian
max_velocity: 300
max_accel: 3500
max_accel_to_decel: 3500
max_z_velocity: 5
max_z_accel: 100
square_corner_velocity: 5

he International Scoliosis Research Society defines early onset scoliosis (EOS) as the various types of scoliosis that occur within 10 years of age (1). EOS leads to distortion of body appearance and reduced heart and lung function, which often limits the development of the chest and even oppresses the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis (2). A large-scale demographic study showed that an increase in altitude negatively correlated with newborn birth weight. Moreover, neonatal body weight shows obvious changes when the altitude exceeds 2500 m (3, 4). Based on relevant studies, we defined an area with an altitude above 3000 m as a high-altitude area and an area with an altitude below 500 m as a plain area (5). High-altitude environments consists of low air pressure, hypoxia, and cold weather, all of which impact the cardiopulmonary function and structure of the human body. Such high-altitude environments increase cardiac output, pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary capillary hyperplasia, and other compensatory reactions (6, 7). However, there are limited studies on the effects of high-altitude environments on cardiopulmonary function in patients with EOS. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of high altitude on the respiratory and circulatory systems of patients with EOS by comparing blood gas analysis results and cardiopulmonary function between the high-altitude and plain area groups. In addition, we explored how scoliosis affected patients' cardiopulmonary function by analyzing the correlations between scoliosis imaging parameters and cardiopulmonary function measures. We aimed to provide an improved preoperative evaluation and postoperative rehabilitation for EOS patients living in high-altitude areas.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients with EOS between June 2013 and June 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) EOS patients with a long-term living altitude >3000 m or living area altitude <500 m; (2) full-length anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the spine showing scoliosis of mainly the thoracic curvature type; (3) patients with an aggravated Cobb's angle >45°; (4) no treatment with braces or growth rods before evaluation; and (5) all patients knew of the study procedures and agreed to participate. The exclusion criteria were: (1) incomplete spinal radiography data; (2) patients who could not cooperate with the completion of pulmonary function examination, blood gas analysis, and cardiac color ultrasound; and (3) patients with congenital cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, syndrome scoliosis, and previous spinal surgery. Evaluation methods Patient records and relevant data were collected retrospectively. All patients underwent full-length anteroposterior and lateral spine radiographs, blood gas analysis, lung function examination, and heart color ultrasound examination. Imaging parameters Preoperatively, whole-body and lateral spinal X-rays were performed on all patients, and both shoulders were flexed anteriorly during X-ray examination to ensure the most natural state of lumbar lordosis. The imaging parameters were as follows: (1) kyphosis angle of the thoracic (kypho), (2) upper thoracic curve (UT), and (3) main thoracic curve (MT). MT measures the Cobb angle from the head side of the T3 upper endplate to the T12 lower endplate. The UT measures the Cobb angle from the T1 upper endplate to the T3 lower endplate on the cephalic side. Kypho measures the Cobb angle from the upper endplate of the cephalic T2 vertebral body to the lower endplate of the caudal T5 vertebral body. All measurements used the Cobb method. The picture archiving and communication system was used by two independent observers. To test agreement among the observers, two orthopedic spine surgeons measured the imaging parameters twice independently, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was analyzed. Doppler echocardiography Color Doppler echocardiography indices were collected and recorded, including those of the pulmonary artery internal diameter (PAID), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVISD), ascendant aorta inner diameter, right ventricular basal diameter (RVBD), left atrium left-right diameter (LALRD), right atrium left-right diameter, left atrium longitudinal diameter, left atrium vertical diameter, peak late diastolic flow velocity (A peak), left ventricular early diastolic peak flow velocity (E peak), interventricular septum extent (IVSE), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right atrium vertical diameter, and interventricular septum thickness. A color Doppler ultrasound instrument (Vivid E95, GE Healthcare) with an m5S probe was used. Patients were positioned in the left lateral decubitus position, and their electrocardiograms were recorded synchronously to obtain apical four-, 2 three-, and two-chamber heart section images for three consecutive cardiac cycles and acquire spectral Doppler images of the mitral and aortic valves. Routine parameter measurements were performed according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines, and the LVEF was determined using the biplane Simpson method. The patients’ imaging results were jointly rated by two experts in ultrasound imaging. Pulmonary function examination The indices of pulmonary function examination included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in 1s (FEV1), percentage of predicted value, vital capacity (VC), and maximum ventilation (MVV). Preoperative pulmonary function examination was performed using the JAEGER Oxycon Pro with a unified baseline (CareFusion Germany 234 GmbH, Hochberg, Germany). A lung function detector (JAEGER Master Screen PFT, CareFusion Germany 234 GmbH, Hochberg, Germany) was used for measurement. A lung function detector was used for measurement, and the measurement module included pulse oscillation lung function, conventional lung capacity, velocity loop, residual gas function, dispersion function, and MVV rate. Lung function test results were obtained using JLab 5.7 software (CareFusion Germany 234 GmbH, Hochberg, Germany). Blood gas analysis Blood gas analysis indices included blood oxygen saturation (SO2%), hematocrit (Hct), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), total hemoglobin (Hb), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Two independent observers recorded these indices. To test for inter-rater agreement, the reported outcomes were recorded twice independently by two orthopedic surgeons, and the recorded data were reconciled. Statistical methods The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software, and the data were expressed as`x±s, where`x and s stand for the mean and standard deviation, respectively. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the measurement data between the two groups, and the χ2 test was used for counting data. Differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. The correlation among the parameters was determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and analyzed using Origin 2021 software. General data Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 and 66 EOS patients were enrolled in the high-altitude and plain area groups, respectively. The high-altitude group comprised 20 boys and 18 girls, with a mean age of 8.42 years (range, 6–10 years). The plain area group comprised 26 boys and 40 girls, with a mean age of 8.77 years (range, 4–11 years). The average age of the high-altitude group was not significantly different from that of the plain area group (P>0.05). The body weight and height of the high-altitude group were significantly lower than that of the plain area group; however, there was no significant difference in the body mass index between the two groups. The average Cobb’s angle was 79.65°, and the average thoracic kypho was 60.16°. There was no significant difference in the degree of other spinal deformities between the two groups. The thoracic spine curves of both the groups were mainly on the right side, and the proportion of right kyphosis in the high-altitude and plain area groups was 63.16 and 66.67%, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). There were 48 cases of idiopathic scoliosis, 16 of congenital scoliosis, two of 3 neuromuscular scoliosis, and 24 cases of idiopathic scoliosis in the plain area group; there were 14 cases of congenital scoliosis in the high-altitude group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis between both groups (P>0.05). Color Doppler echocardiography examination The PAID, LVEDD, and IVST in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain area group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the other cardiac color ultrasound indices, and were within the normal range. Pulmonary function examination The results of the pulmonary function examination showed that the FVC, VC, and MVV in the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those in the plain area group (P<0.05). The average predicted FVC% values in the high-altitude and plain area groups were 77.81 and 73.77%, respectively, and the average predicted FEV1% values were 78.65 and 73.05%, respectively (P>0.05), showing mild restrictive and obstructive ventilatory dysfunction. Blood gas analysis The Hct levels of the plain area group (38.49±2.89%) were significantly lower than those of the high-altitude group (40.85±4.47%; P<0.05). Hb levels in the high-altitude group (13.67 ± 1.46 g/L) were significantly higher than those in the plain group (12.85±0.94 g/L; P<0.05). The pCO2 levels of the high-altitude group (33.44±4.7 mmHg) were significantly lower than those of the plain area group (35.92±4.66 mmHg; P<0.05); however, there was no significant between-group difference in pO2 and SO2% levels (P>0.05). Correlations of parameters The correlation analysis between the spinal parameters and cardiopulmonary function measures in the high-altitude group is significant. In the high-altitude group, there was a significant correlation between the angle of the main thoracic curvature, the angle of the upper thoracic curvature, and kyphosis (rho=0.692, rho=0.484). There was a significant correlation between the kypho and upper chest curvature angles (rho=0.519). There was a significant correlation between LVISD, IVSE, RVBD, LALRD, and the MT (rho=-0.399, rho=0.565, rho=-0.358, rho=-0.371); however, there was no significant correlation between the angle of kyphosis and echocardiography index. PO2 and SO2% levels correlated with the angle of the MT (rho=-0.400, rho=-0.406). The upper chest bend angle was significantly correlated with VC, MVV, FVC, and FEV1 (rho=-0.498, rho=-0.451, rho=-0.513, rho=-0.588), while the upper chest bend angle and kyphosis bend were not significantly correlated with the pulmonary function index. There was a significant linear correlation between the UT and FEV1, FVC, and MVV in the high-altitude group. FEV1=1.623-0.011*UT, FVC=1.858-0.012*UT, MVV=54.646-0.286*UT. The results of the correlation analysis between imaging indices and cardiopulmonary function indices indicated that in the high-altitude group, UT showed a clear negative correlation with VC, FEV1, FVC, and MVV. In contrast, UT showed a clear positive correlation with these indices in the plain area group. In the high-altitude group, MT showed no obvious correlation with lung function indexes, whereas in the plain area group, MT showed a negative correlation with lung function indices. Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional deformity that leads to distortion of body 4 appearance and reduced organ function, often causing irreversible damage to cardiopulmonary function (8, 9). Scoliosis due to rotation and thoracic scoliosis leads to a decrease in thoracic volume and asymmetry between the left and right thorax, which seriously affects the normal development of cardiopulmonary function in patients. The thoracic volume is vital for the development of cardiopulmonary function in children. Studies have shown that the critical period of alveolar and thoracic development in children occurs before the age of 10 years. Alveolar development in children approximately 10 years old is as prevalent as in adults, and the thoracic volume can reach half of that in adults (10, 11). Therefore, alveolar and thoracic development in EOS patients is critical since scoliosis and thoracic deformities can lead to pulmonary dysplasia. Most researchers believe that poor cardiopulmonary function in patients with scoliosis is caused by mechanical compression of bone tissue (12). Tsiligiannis et al. (13) showed that scoliosis changes the position of thoracic organs and affects normal respiratory movement, resulting in restrictive ventilation disorders. Campbell et al. (2) indicated that congenital scoliosis in patients with rib deformities could cause thoracic deformities, affects the normal development of heart and lung function and often leads to thoracic insufficiency syndrome. However, other studies have suggested that lung function is mainly affected by the limited development of the heart and lung caused by scoliosis rather than the mechanical compression caused by simple thoracic deformities (14). Davies et al. and Berend et al. (12, 15, 16) performed autopsy studies on EOS patients. They showed no obvious abnormality in the shape of alveoli, a decreased total number of alveoli, and no decrease in the size of alveoli due to thoracic compression and no decrease in the size of alveoli due to thoracic compression (the size was found to be compensated). Koumbourlis (17) et al. studied the relationship between scoliosis and patients’ circulatory and respiratory functions. They discovered that scoliosis-related deformities prevent patients from exercising like their normal peers, which reduces the number of chest breaths and compensates for the number of abdominal breaths. Regarding the thoracic structure, scoliosis limits the normal development of the chest, causing deformation of the important cardiovascular compression, leading to cardiopulmonary dysfunction. High-altitude areas exhibit a unique geographical environment comprising factors such as low pressure, low PO2, and low air content. Living in low-oxygen and thin-air environments over a long period impacts the development of cardiopulmonary function. An independent risk factor for low birth weight in newborns is the high-altitude environment, which leads to fetal growth restriction and affects the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems (5, 18). When the altitude increases by 100 m, the ambient atmospheric pressure decreases by 5 mmHg. Because the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is constant, the oxygen partial pressure will decrease by approximately 1 mmHg. At sea level, the average pO2 is 150 mmHg. When the altitude is between 3000 and 5500 m, the PO2 decreases between 80 and 100 mmHg. When exposed to hypoxia and a hypobaric environment, people living in a plateau environment will have compensatory regulatory responses to restore the body's internal homeostasis. Over the course of natural selection, this compensatory response may be passed on to offspring through genetic material. The compensatory responses of people at high altitudes to hypoxia and hypobaric environments include increased pulmonary blood perfusion, erythrocytosis, blood viscosity, lung tissue compliance, and a slight increase in 5 pulmonary artery pressure. Studies have shown that people in high-altitude environments have symptoms of right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension, and elevated Hb levels in the body (19-21). In this study, the chest curve was the main bend in EOS patients in plain and high-altitude areas, with Cobb's angle of the main bend >45° in all patients. There was no significant between-group difference in the direction and severity of scoliosis and kyphosis. Idiopathic scoliosis is the primary classification of scoliosis. Excluding congenital cardiac developmental abnormalities, pulmonary artery diameter, LVEDD, and inter-ventricular septum thickness in the high-altitude group were smaller than that in the plain area group. This may be due to structural abnormalities of the heart and lungs caused by long-term low pressure and lack of oxygen in high-altitude areas. To explore the relationship between scoliosis, cardiopulmonary function, and the effect of high altitude on cardiopulmonary function, a correlation analysis was performed. The UT angle in the high-altitude group was correlated with the pulmonary function examination indexes (VC, MVV, FVC, and FEV1), while the UT angle in the plain area group was not significantly correlated with these indexes. Long-term exposure to high and cold climates, low pressure, and low oxygen environments impact the cardiopulmonary structure of patients in high-altitude areas. Therefore, the reduction in thoracic space caused by changes in spinal structure will cause more serious damage to the cardiopulmonary function of patients in high-altitude areas compared to patients in plain areas (22). Therefore, patients with severe scoliosis in high-altitude areas require active surgical intervention to reduce cardiorespiratory impairment associated with scoliosis. The results of pulmonary function tests showed that the average values of FEV1% and FVC% in both groups were < 80%, and there were mild restrictive and obstructive ventilation disorders, indicating that scoliosis and thoracic deformities limited the normal respiratory function of patients. The FVC, VC, and MVV indices of the high-altitude group were significantly lower than those of the plain area group. This could be due to the following: the low temperature at high altitudes contracts the small airways of the lungs and increases ventilatory resistance; the hypobaric and hypoxic environment forces the patients to breathe more times per unit time, increasing the load of respiratory muscles and causing respiratory muscle fatigue; the nutritional status of patients in high-altitude areas is worse than that of patients in plain areas; and the thoracic volume is smaller in patients in high-altitude areas than that of patients in plain areas. Scoliosis with thoracic deformity is often accompanied by limited diaphragm function and decreased chest volume, which leads to a decrease in lung tissue pressure and compliance, pulmonary hypertension, and even serious diseases such as cor pulmonale and respiratory failure (23). Studies have shown that pulmonary dysfunction before surgical treatment increases perioperative respiratory complications such as respiratory insufficiency, atelectasis, and pneumonia (24). Therefore, during clinical treatment, more attention should be paid to evaluating pulmonary function in EOS patients before surgery. For patients at high altitudes or other EOS patients with significantly impaired pulmonary function, it is necessary to carry out preoperative respiratory function training to improve respiratory function (25) and surgical safety and reduce postoperative complications; the comprehensive evaluation of pulmonary function in combination with other disciplines is also possible. 6 Because of the lack of studies comparing lung function between EOS patients in high-altitude and plain areas that are similar to our patient population, it cannot be ruled out whether the decline in lung function indices is affected by spinal deformities. In this study, the number of patients in high-altitude areas was less than that of patients in plain areas. Our results may not be comprehensive enough as there were only a few categories of imaging parameters; therefore, it was difficult to analyze the correlation between other imaging parameters and cardiopulmonary function. Conclusion EOS patients in high-altitude areas had poorer cardiac and pulmonary functions than those who live in plain areas. Cardiopulmonary function and the degree of scoliosis interact with each other. We should pay more attention to preoperative evaluation and postoperative rehabilitation for EOS patients living in high-altitude areas. References: 1.Fletcher ND, Bruce RW. Early onset scoliosis: current concepts and controversies. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med.(2012)5: 102-10. doi:10.1007/s12178-012-9116-0 2.Campbell RJ, Smith MD, Mayes TC, Mangos JA, Willey-Courand DB, Kose N, Pinero RF, Alder ME, Duong HL, Surber JL. The characteristics of thoracic insufficiency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis. J BONE JOINT SURG AM.(2003)85: 399-408. doi:10.2106/00004623-200303000-00001 3.Mortola JP, Frappell PB, Aguero L, Armstrong K. Birth weight and altitude: a study in Peruvian communities. J Pediatr.(2000)136: 324-9. doi:10.1067/mpd.2000.103507 4.Zhou L, Yang H, Hai Y, Hai JJ, Cheng Y, Yin P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Han B. Scoliosis among children in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Front Public Health.(2022)10: 983095. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.983095 5.Jensen GM, Moore LG. The effect of high altitude and other risk factors on birthweight: independent or interactive effects? AM J PUBLIC HEALTH.(1997)87: 1003-7. doi:10.2105/ajph.87.6.1003 6.Ostadal B, Kolar F. Cardiac adaptation to chronic high-altitude hypoxia: beneficial and adverse effects. Respir Physiol Neurobiol.(2007)158: 224-36. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.03.005 7.Maggiorini M. Cardio-pulmonary interactions at high altitude. Pulmonary hypertension as a common denominator. ADV EXP MED BIOL.(2003)543: 177-89. doi:10.1007/978- 1-4419-8997-0_13 8.Kadoury S, Shen J, Parent S. Global geometric torsion estimation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. MED BIOL ENG COMPUT.(2014)52: 309-19. doi:10.1007/s11517 -013-1132-8 9.Charles YP, Dimeglio A, Marcoul M, Bourgin JF, Marcoul A, Bozonnat MC. Influence of idiopathic scoliosis on three-dimensional thoracic growth. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).(2008)33: 1209-18. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181715272 10.Boyden EA. Development of the pulmonary airways. Minn Med.(1971)54: 894-7. 11.Karol LA, Johnston C, Mladenov K, Schochet P, Walters P, Browne RH. Pulmonary function following early thoracic fusion in non-neuromuscular scoliosis. J BONE JOINT SURG AM.(2008)90: 1272-81. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.00184 7 12.Day GA, Upadhyay SS, Ho EK, Leong JC, Ip M. Pulmonary functions in congenital scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).(1994)19: 1027-31. doi:10.1097/00007632-199405000-00004 13.Tsiligiannis T, Grivas T. Pulmonary function in children with idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis.(2012)7: 7. doi:10.1186/1748-7161-7-7 14.Branthwaite MA. Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis. Br J Dis Chest.(1986)80: 360-9. doi:10.1016/0007-0971(86)90089-6 15.Berend N, Marlin GE. Arrest of alveolar multiplication in kyphoscoliosis. PATHOLOGY.(1979)11: 485-91. doi:10.3109/00313027909059026 16.Davies G, Reid L. Effect of scoliosis on growth of alveoli and pulmonary arteries and on right ventricle. ARCH DIS CHILD.(1971)46: 623-632. doi:10.1136/adc.46.249.623 17.Koumbourlis AC. Scoliosis and the respiratory system. PAEDIATR RESPIR REV.(2006)7: 152-60. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2006.04.009 18.Krampl E, Lees C, Bland JM, Espinoza DJ, Moscoso G, Campbell S. Fetal Doppler velocimetry at high altitude. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.(2001)18: 329-34. doi:10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00542.x 19.Hulme CW, Ingram TE, Lonsdale-Eccles DA. Electrocardiographic evidence for right heart strain in asymptomatic children living in Tibet--a comparative study between Han Chinese and ethnic Tibetans. Wilderness Environ Med.(2003)14: 222-5. doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[222:eefrhs]2.0.co;2 20.Huicho L. Postnatal cardiopulmonary adaptations to high altitude. Respir Physiol Neurobiol.(2007)158: 190-203. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.05.004 21.CANEPA A, CHAVEZ R, HURTADO A, ROTTA A, VELASQUEZ T. Pulmonary circulation at sea level and at high altitudes. J APPL PHYSIOL.(1956)9: 328-36. doi:10.1152/jappl.1956.9.3.328 22.Penaloza D. Effects of high-altitude exposure on the pulmonary circulation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed).(2012)65: 1075-8. doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2012.06.027 23.Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell B, Carpenter JS, Cognard C, Dippel D, Eesa M, Fischer U, Hausegger K, Hirsch JA, Shazam HM, Jansen O, Jayaraman MV, Khalessi AA, Kluck BW, Lavine S, Meyers PM, Ramee S, Rufenacht DA, Schirmer CM, Vorwerk D. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. INT J STROKE.(2018)13: 612-632. doi:10.1177/1747493018778713 24.Zhang JG, Wang W, Qiu GX, Wang YP, Weng XS, Xu HG. The role of preoperative pulmonary function tests in the surgical treatment of scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).(2005)30: 218-21. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000150486.60895.a1 25.Liang J, Qiu G, Shen J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li S, Zhao H. Predictive factors of postoperative pulmonary complications in scoliotic patients with moderate or severe pulmonary dysfunction. J SPINAL DISORD TECH.(2010)23: 388-92.doi:10. 1097/BSD.0b013e3181b55ff4